310 
CAVE EXPLORATIONS. 
obtained. Beneath the stalagmite is a thick bed of clay, and it is on 
the surface of this clay that flint implements and other objects attest 
the presence of man's occupation. The tools are frequently found 
sticking in the mud, the upper part being embedded in the crust of 
stalagmite which overlies it at the bottom. At the surface the 
human remains probably belong to the British or Roman-British 
period, and embrace pottery, beads, bone pins, and other objects ; 
lower down stone axes, arrow and spear heads, along with the teeth 
and bones of animals, but no pottery or other art-work indicate an 
earlier people ; whilst lowest of all is a bed containing only animal 
remains, with the exception, at rare intervals, of an occasional flint. 
Such was the statement of Mr. M'Enery, and he had no doubt what- 
ever as to the occurrence of flint implements in the lower accumula- 
tions, along with those of extinct animals, such as the elephant, 
rhinoceros, tiger, bear, hyaena, and Machairodus latidens ; and he 
described the flints in this lower deposit as rude compared with those 
of the upper. Mr. Kenrick entered into an elaborate argument as to 
the antiquity of man, to which we need not do more than refer at the 
present time. 
At Leeds, in May, 1861, Mr. Henry Denny read a paper on the 
former existence of the Roebuck in the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 
the collection of bones, pottery, and other articles which had previously 
been obtained from the Dowkabottom Cave, and sent by Mr. Farrar 
to the Leeds Museum, the most valuable specimen was the portion of 
the skull of a roebuck, with antlers, probably about six years old. 
Mr. Denny, in 1859, whilst exploring the cave, had found some 
smaller fragments of jaws and skull of a species of ruminant which 
he was now able to identify as belonging to the roebuck. The 
occurrence of the roebuck in the cave was important, and indicated 
the antiquity of the cave and its contents, as it was known that this 
animal was contemporary with the rhinoceros, the mammoth, and the 
megaceros. The number of species of the Cervidse family now known 
to have inhabited Yorkshire was five, Megaceros, Strongiloceros, the 
red deer, the fallow deer, and the roebuck. Some time afterwards Mr. 
Denny made some observations on the distribution of the extinct 
bears of Britain, and described a new species. He remarked on the 
