PROCEEDINGS, 1859 — 1870. 
333 
cyntkia) which had been introduced successfully into Germany, 
Sweden, and Russia, and the experiments which had been made 
seemed to show that this silk-worm might be cultivated in England. 
The value of the silk industr)^ in this country was shown by the fact 
that the exports in 1856 reached the large sum of £3,000,000, and 
that over 200,000,000 spindles were at work in sijinning silk, 
and it is probable that not less than half-a-million of persons 
were engaged in the silk industry. The difficulty connected with the 
growth of the mulberry trees was spoken of, and the result of some 
experiments made by Mrs. AVhitby in the growth of silk appeared to 
prove that a good strong, sound silk could be produced at a cost that 
would be very remunerative. 
The next meeting was held at Halifax, and was presided over by 
Mr. John Waterhouse, F.R.S., Mr. Francis A. Leyland read a paper 
giving some account of the Roman roads in the parish of Halifax, 
with especial reference to the claims of Almondbury, Slack, and 
Greetland as the site of Cambodunum. Prior to the Roman invasion 
the most powerful tribes in England, recorded by Julius Ceesar, were 
those of Brigantia. The parish of Halifax occupied a large extent of 
the hilly country on the western confines of Brigantia proper, and 
was so situated that several ancient roads which were necessary to 
connect the towns on each side of the Penine Chain must have passed 
through it. These, during their ])OSsession by the ferocious and 
woad-stained Brigantes, consisted of wretched hovels and palisaded 
encampments. On the advent of the Romans they quickly gave 
place to cities and towns of considerable architectural beauty, with 
public buildings and villas, reminding one of the architecture of 
Italy. Recent examinations had brought to light several remains of 
extensive buildings and baths, tesselated pavements and mural deco- 
rations, and altars which record the faithfully-performed vow of some 
favoured individual, or which had been dedicated to Jupiter. The 
most important city was undoubtedly Eboracum ; next in importance 
was Isurium, or Aldborough, whose former greatness is attested by 
the extent of its remains and the interesting discoveries which have 
recently been made there. Its walls were estimated at a mile and a 
half in circuit. Before the subjugation of the Brigantes it was the 
