PROCEEDINGS, 1859 — 1870. 
345 
Dr. Alexander, Halifax ; Mr. T. W. Tew, Pontefract ; Mr. Louis C. 
Miall, Bradford ; Rev. S. F. Siirtees, Doncaster ; Mr. Bentley Shaw, 
Huddersfield ; ^Ir. Richard Carter, Bariisley ; Dr. Paley, Ripon ; 
^Ir. J. Guest, Rotherham. ^Ir. "William Sykes Ward was re-elected 
Honorary Secretarj^, and Mr. Henrv^ Denny, Assistant Secretary. The 
balance sheet showed an income to January, 1870, amounting to 
£69 lis. Od. : the whole of this amount was disbursed ; the principal 
items as before being for printing, &c., £25 12s. 6d.; rent of museum, 
^10 ; and the Assistant Secretary, in part pa}Tnent, £24 4s. 6d. 
At this meeting a paper was read by Mr. D. Mackintosh on the 
Drift Deposits of the West Riding of Yorkshire, with some remarks 
on the origin of escarpments, valleys, and outlet gorges. ^Ir. ^lackin- 
tosh described between 40 and 50 sections in the drifts which he had 
examined in the valleys of the Aire, the Wharfe, and the Nidd : and 
on the hills extending between them. He found that the lowest beds 
in the drifts consisted of a greyish-blue and variegated boulder clay ; 
above this was a yellowish-brown boulder clay gi-adually merging 
into sand and stratified gravel. Superimposed on this was an upper 
boulder clay or loam, and in the lower part of the valley he had found 
deposits to which the vague term of warp had been applied. Occa- 
sionally the yellow clays were absent, and the blue clay merged in 
the sand and gTavel. He considered that all these deposits were 
made when the land was at a considerably lower level than at present; 
that the detritus brought down by ice from the adjoining lands was 
deposited in the waters, and so the beds accumulated. The scratches 
on Rombalds Moor and other elevated positions he considered were 
proof that the land must have been to that extent completely sub- 
merged, and that the boulders and glacial scratchings were due to 
floating ice. With respect to the excavation of river gorges Mr. 
Mackintosh considered that those of the rivers Don and Went were 
first opened b)" one or more fractures or faults, and that whilst the 
land was submerged the ocean currents probably cleared out and en- 
larged the gorges, and that afterwards the river availed itself of this 
outlet from the plains of the west. The paper concluded with some 
remarks on the origin of the Plumpton and Brimham Rocks, and of 
Gordale Scar and Malham Cove. 
DD 
