352 
PROCEEDINGS, 1871 — 187t, 
The result of other experiments is given, and reference made to 
instances of contortion occurring in the rocks of several parts of the 
country, as well as others described by Dr. Hitchcock in New 
England. 
At a succeeding meeting, Mr. Miall read papers on the formation 
of anthracite, and on the structure of ganoid fishes, introductory to 
an account of the ganoid fishes of the Yorkshire Coal-field. The 
latter entered into an elaborate discussion of the history and char- 
acters of the ganoid fishes, the author explaining at considerable 
length the result of the labours of Miiller, described in a memoir, 
' Ueber den Bau und die Grenzen der Ganoiden,' and further considered 
the position of the dipnous lepidosiren and ceratodus to the ganoids, 
indicating that the former would be included in the latter sub-division. 
Mr. W. H. Dalton, of Her Majest3''s Geological Survey, com- 
municated a paper on the Geology of Craven. He described the 
physical geography and geology of the Aire Valley, dividing the 
latter into three districts. The first, from its source to Malham 
Cove, extends over a plateau of Mountain Limestone, with a small 
area of Silurian rocks ; the second, including the contorted limestones 
and shales, extending southwards to Skipton ; and the third area, 
composed of Millstone Grits and Lower Coal Measures, reaches to the 
base of the Permian limestones, in the lower part of the valley. 
The outcrop and lithological character of the several rocks are 
described, together with some remarks on their fossil contents. 
Mr. Charles Bird, B.A., Honorary Secretary to the Bradford 
Philosophical Society, read a paper on the Red Beds at the base of 
the Carboniferous Limestone in the Xorth-west of England. He 
gave a'description of red and yellow sandstones and conglomerates 
which occur between the Silurian and Carboniferous systems. They 
appeared to have been deposited in shallow, brackish, or fresh waters, 
caused by the gradual contracting of the Silurian sea. After des- 
cribing the red beds in several districts in England, Scotland, and the 
South of Ireland, he proceeded to indicate the localities in which 
they occur in the north-west of Yorkshire and neighbouring counties. 
At Kirby Lonsdale they appear as a very coarse, thick-bedded con- 
glomerate, apparently dipping in the same direction as the Carboni- 
