364 
PROCEEBTNGS, 1871 — 1877. 
large collection of remains of animals, and other objects found at the 
cave were deposited in the museum at Giggieswick School, and were 
exhibited by the master, Mr. Styles. The statement of receipts and 
expenditure showed a balance in favour of the Society of nearly £11. 
The first meeting of the Society in 1877 was held at Halifax, 
The president, the Marquis of Ripon, occupied the chair, and delivered 
an address on scientific research. 
The Rev. J. Stanley Tute described the glacial drifts near Ripon. 
They appear to be of three distinct ages, probably separated from 
each other by long intervals of time. The earliest is a bed of black 
boulder clay, on the south side of the valley of the Laver. Upon 
the erroded surface of this lies the brown boulder-clay which is the 
common drift of the district ; over this, again, on each side of the 
Ure, near Ripon, is a mass of sand, clay, and gravel, derived partly 
from the boulder clays, and partly from the new red sandstone against 
which they rest. He drew attention to the curious circumstance that 
the stream coming down from Haddock's Stones, flowing eastward by 
Markington and East Stainley into the Ure at Newby, appears to 
have run at some previous time by Dole Bank, and then southwards 
to Ripley, where there is a well-marked gorge which is in some places 
fully as wide and deep as that of the river 2sidd at Knaresborough, 
and considerably larger than that in which the present stream flows. 
It has been diverted to its present course by a bank of clay and sand, 
which appears to have been left by a retreating glacier ; and as the 
north and south valley forms a natural boundary between the local 
drift and glacial drift, Mr. Tute is of opinion that there was here the 
edge of an ice cap which covered all the hills to the west, and was 
cut off along this line by the glacial sea. The sea, covered with 
floating ice, burdened with boulders from the carboniferous rocks, 
pieces of gTeenstone, and Shap granite which had been carried over 
Stainmoor, deposited the clay and boulders to the southwards, whilst 
the ice cap, bearing only local drift, deposited the beds to the north, 
and formed at its edge a definite boundary of the boulder clay. 
Dr. H. Franklin Parsons described the alluvial strata of the 
Lower Ouse Valley. The Keuper and Bunter sandstones form the 
base of this district, and occasionally rise to the surface, as in the 
