THE LAST DECADE. 
407 
of the blocks have been derived from the carboniferous system, and 
that secondary blocks of the requisite size are rare. 
A Report on the Buried Cliff at Sewerby, near Bridlington, is 
the outcome of an investigation, carried on by means of a grant of 
£10 made by the Society, into the fossiliferous deposits banked 
against an ancient sea cliff of chalk on the south side of Flambro' 
Head. These deposits consist of an old sea beach at the foot of the 
cliff, overlaid by the remains of land surface, which is, in turn, 
covered and overlapped by a thick dune of blown sand reaching to 
the top of the old cliff. The whole series is overlaid and overlapped 
by the lowest boulder clay. A large number of bones and other 
remains were obtained in process of excavation, among other mam- 
mals are the Elephant {Elephas cmtiquus), Rhinoceros and hippo- 
potamus. The paper is illustrated by a lithograph and a woodcut. 
Another paper in the Proceedings for 1887 is on a Mammaliferous 
Gravel at Elloughton, in the Humber Valley. It is a description of 
a high level gravel with mammalian remains, (chiefly of the Mam- 
moth), recently exposed in a pit near Brough-on-the-Humber. A 
tusk about 10 feet long was found there, but was badly preserved and 
could not be removed. The gTavel is evidently of glacial age, and it 
is suggested that it may have been accumulated when the mouth of 
the Humber was blocked with ice. A description of the Photograph 
for the year, a section in the cross-bedded ' Hilderthorpe Sands,' is 
also contributed by j\Ir. Lamplugh. 
The Rev. E. ^laule Cole during the past ten years has contri- 
buted six papers to the Societj^ five of which have had reference to 
the Wold district of the East Riding. The origin and formation of 
the dales, together with the physical geography of this district, have 
received from him much careful attention. The Wolds consist of a 
series of level plateaus divided by deep valleys in which there is at 
present no running water. These dales, Mr. Cole is of opinion, have 
received their present conformation to a large extent from the action 
of glaciers which ploughed their way from the hills towards the sea, 
and left their detritus scattered over the plains of Holderness. The 
sinuous windings, the deep indentations, the beautifully rugged, steep 
and curved outlines, the level gently-sloping bottoms, added to the 
