AN AUSTRALIAN BIRD BOOK. 
25 
30*Hoary-lieade(l Grebe, Dabchick (e),"Tom Pudding," P. 
poliocephalus. A., T. Stat. c. lagoons, river 9.5 
Upper brown; wings white patch; under silvery-gray; 
head short white hair-like plumes (summer) ; head 
brown, throat buff (winter); fur-like plumage; lobed 
toes; f., Sim. Small fish, snails, insects. 
1 31 Great Crested Grebe (Tippet), Loon, Gaunt, Carr 
3 Goose, P. cristatus {Lophaethyia cristata, Mathews' 
Handlist), Eur., N. Asia, Japan, Africa, India to A., 
T., N.Z. Stat. r. lakes, rivers 24 
Upper brown; under glistening-white; crown black; neck- 
frill chestnut edged black (summer); face, neck whit- 
ish (winter) ; fur-like plumage; lobed toes; f., sim. 
Small fish, snails, insects. 
F. 25. Colymhidae {Gaviidae) , True Divers, Loons, 5 sp. — 
1(0)0., 5(0)P., 2(0)E., 5(0)Nc. 
ORDER VII. — SPHENISCIFOHMES. 
F. 26. SPHENISCIDAE (3), PENGUINS, 17 sp.— 11(7)A., 
6(1)E., 9(4) Nl. 
1 32 Crested Penguin (Tufted, Jackass, Victoria), Pen^i^inw6' 
5 (Catarrhactes) chrysocome, Southern Ocean (circum- 
polar), v., T., N.Z. Occ. r. coasts 27 
Wing a paddle; upper black; under silvery- white; crest 
yellow; f., yellow crest feathers shorter. Sea- 
animals. 
2 33 Little Penguin (Little Blue), Eudyptula minor,N.S.W., 
3 v., S.A., T., N.Z. Stat. c. coasts 18 
Upper light-blue; under glistening-white; wing a paddle; 
f., sim. Sea-animals, plants. 
34 Fairy i^enguin, E. undina, V., T., N.Z. Stat. c. coast 1^.^ 
Like 33, but smaller. 
The Great Crested Grebe is identical with the British bird, for 
it is found all through the Eastern Hemisphere. 
This is a remarkable distribution, when we consider that the 
bird, by reason of its very small wings, is a poor flyer, and is 
almost helpless on land. Such a wide distribution of a creature 
possessing poor means of locomotion indicates that the animal 
must have existed for a long time, so that it has been able to 
gradually extend its range. Thus we conclude it is an ancient 
form. 
In the next order come those remarkable birds, Penguins. As 
so much has been said about Penguins by Lieutenant Shackleton's 
party, they have caught the popular fancy, and people are much 
interested in them. Many Australians do not know that three 
Penguins are found on their own coast. It was one of the sights 
of the 1910 Summer School at Portsea to sit on the balcony and 
watch the Penguins chasing their prey in the clear waters in front. 
Their wings are paddles, being flattened and devoid of quills, 
the side. 
