1S6 
AN AUSTRALIAN BIRD IK)OK. 
1 382AStarling, Sturnus vulgaris, Eur., N. Afr., Asia, A. 
23 (introduced). Nom. v.c. open 8.5 
Glossy-black, with metallic reflections; upper feathers 
tipped buff, under tipped white; light tips lost in sum- 
mer; bill lemon-yellow summer, blackish winter; f., 
Sim. Insects, caterpillars, fruit. Wheezing, whining 
notes. Mimic. 
The eye is often mentioned, but hazel-eyed birds have become 
white-eyed. However, the Raven has lanceolate feathers on the 
neck, and a rougher, unmusical voice. 
The Raven seems the more common bird, though most people 
will tell you there are no Ravens in their district. 
The Apostle-Bird (Gray Jumper) , and the White- winged Chough 
are two of Australia's "anomalous birds." Both go in flocks, 
so each has been called the "Twelve Apostles." However, the 
name has become attached to the Gray Jumper. 
The White- winged Chough has no close relative in the world; 
possibly, the Chough that nests in the cliffs of Cornwall is nearest 
to it. 
The Bell-Magpies (Streperas), perhaps better known as Black 
or Gray Magpies, are now receiving much notice, because of their 
position at the head of the bird-world. They are restricted to 
Australia, Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island. A good name is 
required for these birds, for, of course, they are not Magpies, 
though they have a white-tipped tail, and there is usually white 
