APPENDIX C. 
March 1st, 1880. 
To the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Zoological Society ^ 
Gentlemen: — I respectfully submit the following list of 
the animals examined by me, with the causes of death, so far as 
could be ascertained, which have died in the Garden during 
the past year. The steadily diminishing relative mortality of 
the past three years I attribute to the better hygienic measures 
observed in the construction of the cages, the character of the 
food, the maintenance of proper temperature, &c. The neglect 
of such measures is the most fertile source of disease in menag- 
eries, which no drugs or medical treatment can remedy. The 
causes of death during the past year, it will be seen, are such 
as are inherent to the nature of animals confined under con- 
ditions often unavoidably different from those in a state of 
nature, and which no foresight can prevent. Considering the 
peculiarities of our climate, &c., I think the Board can congratu- 
late itself upon the general good health of the Garden. 
LIST OF ANIMALS UPON WHICH POST-MOETEM EXAMINATIONS 
WERE MADE. 
No. Date. Name of Animal. Cause op Death. 
1879. 
1. March 5. Puma {Fells con). Congestion of liver. 
" 17. Amphiiima means. No organic disease. 
3. " 31. Girsiffe {Camelopardalis giraffa). Renal calculi. 
4. April 7. JjeopsiYd {Fells par d us). Pneumonia. 
6. May 29. Bat {Ptcropus med). No organic disease. 
6. " 3{). l^oboon {Cynoceph. sphinx). Epilepsy. 
7, " 31. Fallow deer {Dama vulg.). Fibroid tumor of abdomen. 
5. June Q. B2idigQv {Meles taxus). Heart disease— hypertrophy. 
9. " 20. Java Peacock {Pavo mut). Heart disease — pericarditis. 
10. " 23. Ostrich {Struthio camelus). Congestion of spinal cord. 
11. July ^. Bdii{Pter opus med). No organic disease. 
12. 10. African Elephant {E. africanus). Dysentery. 
13. Oct. 26. Wolf {Canis Occident). Intussusception. 
(23) 
