36 WILMORE : THE STRUCTURE OF SOME CRAVEN LIMESTONES. 
The fauna of these Pendlesides is well characterised by 
Posidonomya Becheri, Posidoniella Icevis, P. minor, Aviculo- 
pecten papyraceus, Orthoceras sulcatus, &c. These beds, with 
this fauna, are seen at Pendle, Barnoldswick, Salterforth, Earby, 
Thornton, and Elslack dipping off the massif. Hence we may 
take the beds as occurring immediately below these shales and thin 
limestones as the top beds of the Carboniferous Limestone series. 
The limestones become much more " shaly " and shale 
bands separate the different limestone bands very frequently. 
A few characteristic examples may be noted. 
The south side of the Thornton anticlinal. 
At Rain Hill there are hard dark- blue and grey limestones 
with shale partings. Dipping S.S.E. at about 60°. The dip 
varies along the extensive cutting which runs along the strike, 
and at one end the beds show some rolling. The fossils are 
crinoid stems, plates and spines of PalmcMnus, Syringopora 
geniculata, S. distans, Zaphrentis sp., Productus semireticularis, 
Terebratula sp., Semiluna ambigua, Spirifera sp. 
Much of the limestone is a fine broken shell breccia and it 
is now very crystalline. 
At South Field — nearer the middle of the anticlinal — we 
have dark-blue hard limestones, with much ironstone— iron 
carbonate and iron oxide. The limestones are well bedded and 
fossiliferous. There are partings of dark calcareous shale, with 
numerous fossils. The dip is about 25° S.S.E. Syringopora 
is again very common. Crinoidal stems and plates are plentiful. 
Zaphrentis occurs. Chonetes papilionacea and Productus punc- 
tatus are zonal forms which are plentiful. The strata show 
faulting (see Plate IV., Fig. A, for microstructure). 
At Thornton Hall Brow Quarry there are dark flaggy lime- 
stones with calcareous shales. Crinoidal stems and plates are 
scattered in the fine dark calareous mud. Syringopora occurs 
again. I have obtained a Terebratula, but shells are very rare. 
Dip, 50° S.E. (see Plate IV., Fig. B). 
After minor exposures at Thornton Hall and Thornton 
village — where there is another fault — we come to Thornton 
Quarry. The rocks are dark-blue and grey earthy limestones 
with partings of shale — almost muddy at times. As in all parts 
