40 WILMORE : THE STRUCTURE OF SOME CRAVEN LIMESTONES. 
There are some interesting exposures higher in the series 
in the Stock Beck cuttings near Painley Farm and Crow Park, 
A new cutting in a field close by helps to complete the series. 
The strata are a succession of limestones and shales with thin 
sandy fossiliferous beds. The dip varies from 20° to 30°. The 
strike of the beds is slightly north of east by south of west. 
The order is as follows : — First, massive, hard dark-blue lime- 
stone with overlying thin shale bands. Then fine dark-blue 
limestones weathering grey. Fragments of corals, and crinoids. 
Productus sp., Fenestella sp. quite plentiful on weathered 
surfaces. Next are dark earthy limestones and shales with 
the usual smell. They are exceedingly like those at Thornton 
Church, both in appearance, method of fracture, smell, and fossils. 
Above this there are dark shales, with occasional crinoids and 
Zaphre7itis sp. (very common). There are some interesting bands 
of crinoidal debris, full of stems and plates ; the stuff is quite 
a mud, and the fragments come oat almost exactly like those 
at Broughton. 
Some of the forms are fossilised in gritty " mud," some 
in iron oxide, and some are calcareous. 
One seems to find this same crinoidal mud nearly every- 
where towards the top of the limestone series. The finest 
example is the one near Broughton already referred to. 
Passing further north and up in the series, we reach the 
beds of the Pendleside group at Castle Haugh, the boundary 
being probably near the highway at Middlebreaks Farm. 
No base of the limestone is seen anywhere in this district 
but the thickness exposed at Gisburn clearly amounts to over 
2,800 feet approximately. The dip is almost constant in direction 
for about one and a quarter miles and averages 25°. There 
seems to be no chance of repetition of beds. Hence the thickness 
of the strata here would be Ij miles x sin. 25° = 6,600 feet 
X -423 approximately = 2,800 feet. 
There are no exposures in the neighbourhood of Horton, 
but in a pump well at Horton Manor House Farm, the usual 
dark limestone and shale were reached. 
At Newsholme there are some good exposures which show 
that the boundary of the limestone has shifted to N.E. much 
