158 
THE STRUCTURE OF SOIVIE CRAVEX LIMESTONES. 
PART II. 
ON THE STRUCTURE AND ORIGIN OF THE CRAVEN LIMESTONE 
KNOLLS. 
BY A. WILMORE, B.SC, F.G.S. 
Read at the Meeting held at Cohie, March 29ih, 1907.) 
There are in certain parts of Craven a number of knolls 
of limestone which are somewhat conical, or dome-shaped, and 
which are mainly or wholly composed of greyish-white or bluish- 
grey limestone, and are often, but not always, very fossiliferous. 
These knolls have been the source of some contention, 
and a number of papers have been written dealing, more or 
less directly, with observations on the nature of, and theories 
concerning the origin of these structures (see bibliography, 
p. 169). 
The knolls occur in certain well-defined areas, more or 
less linear sets, of apparently a common type, being seen in 
the following districts : — {a) Downham, Chatburn, and Clitheroe ; 
(6) Cracoe, Thorpe, and Burnsall, close to the grit fells ; (c) near 
Rylstone and Grassington ; {d) Malham ; (e) Stockdale and 
Scaleber, east of Settle ; (/) Slaidburn district. There are 
isolated or detached masses, which have some of the character- 
istics of the knolls, (g) on the Greenhow extension of the Cracoe 
fold, (h) at Fogga, near Hellifield, (z), at Newsholme, near Gis- 
burn. 
It is obvious that the distribution of these knolls is in- 
timately associated with the well-known directions of disturb- 
ance in the district. The key to the structure of the district 
is furnished by the Craven Faults and the associated folds to 
the south and south-west of them (see Plate XIX, to Avhich the 
above letters refer). 
