160 WILMORE : THE STRUCTURE OF SOME CRAVEN LIMESTONES. 
between the northern and middle branches of the Craven Faults 
is not very different from the succession further south. 
Secondly, we have the rolling country of Lowland Craven, 
where the rocks are folded. Tlie strata are mainly shales and 
limestones, with apparently a very variable lithological sequence 
in different parts of the district. There are well-marked anti- 
clinals, the one which strikes S.W. to N.E. from Clitheroe to 
Grassington being the most important. There are minor folds 
striking nearly at right angles to these, seen in the Marton and 
Gargrave district. Almost every exposure — and they are very 
numerous — shows some signs of intense folding or faulting. 
Naturally the thin-bedded muddy limestones show the folding 
best, but it is also seen in the more massive and unevenly bedded 
grey limestone. It is almost exclusively on the borders of 
this region of folding that the grey fossiliferous knolls occur, 
and there are knolls in the most perfectly bedded blue Lime- 
stones with Shales, which occupy exactly corresponding positions, 
and which are as nearly like them as their different lithology 
will admit. 
The faults and folds are obviously closely connected, be- 
cause the latter end off sharply against the former, and it is 
difficult to resist the conclusion that they are due to the same 
series of movements. An illustration of the folding is given 
in Plate XX. 
Thirdly, there is the region of grit moorlands of Todmorden 
and Hebden Bridge, to the south-east of the coalfield of Burnley. 
Here we have a foreland of the Craven folded system. The 
grits lie nearly horizontally, and the hills become tabular masses, 
thus reproducing some of the features of the country north 
of the Craven Faults. Just as these faults separate the 
tabular Craven Highlands from the folded Craven Lowlands, 
so there is a series of faults — not neaily so complete or 
so well seen — separating the lowlands from the foreland of 
grit hills. 
The hills of the eastern part of the Pendle Range are of 
the nature of escarpments, on the flanks of shallow synclinals 
at the edge of the folded country, while those in the western 
