WILMORE : THE STRUCTURE OF SOME CRAVEN LIMESTONES. 163 
and the grit hills of the Pendle escarpment. In the case of 
Worsaw there are plenty of exposures, and, excepting in one 
case, the dips are fairly easy to determine and are as uniform 
in direction as can be expected in a folded country. The slope 
facing the low plain is a true dip-slope. The slope on the other 
side is an escarpment slope, and the beds may be seen dipping 
into the hill in many places. The foUoAving diagram shows 
these most important features. Fig. 2. 
Fig. 2. 
SECTION THROUGH WORSAW KNOLL ACROSS THE STRIKE. 
h = Pendleside Shales. 
c Upper Limestones, very " massive " as a rule 
Ci = Limestones, more "flaggy" 
Carboniferous Lime- 
'"J stone Series. 
There are swallow-holes on the top of this mass, and stalag- 
mitic deposits may be found in the wide joints, and I have also 
obtained fluor and pyrites there. 
(e) The next " knoll " is Gerna, though there are some 
apparently semi-detached masses or much reduced knolls between 
Worsaw and Downham village. Gerna appears as an island, 
and is so mapped. The shales all round it are mapped as the 
same, but those south of the " island," striking with the beds 
in front of the knolls previously described, contain the Pendle- 
side fauna — Pterinopecten papyraceus, Posidoniella Icevis and 
P. minor, &c., whilst the shales north of the Gerna mass are 
lithologically different, and contain a different fauna, the fossils 
being those of the limestone massif, as found at Thornton and 
Rain Hall, for instance. If the beds were coloured according 
to the fauna, the deep blue of Gerna would then be connected 
directlv with the blue of the Chatburn anticlinal. 
