SHEPPARD AND STATHER : GLACIAL DRIFTS OF HOLDERNESS. 173" 
be seen to occur amongst coarse ferruginous gravel, which 
contains hardly any molluscan remains. These transported 
masses have evidently been moved wliilst in a frozen con- 
dition, and the faulting and frequent displacing which occur 
in the sand and gravel in other parts of the section (PL XXI., 
Fig. 3) also point to the same conclusion. 
In Mr. Clement Reid's " Geology of Holderness " an excellent 
list of molluscan remains from the adjacent Kolsey Hill pit 
is given. This list we are able to extend by the names of a few 
species, but they do not add much to the evidences of the former 
climatic conditions. A list of the specimens from the new 
section is given in the appendix. The shells and shell-fragments 
which occur in extraordinary numbers in certain parts of the 
gravel are, with one exception, exclusively marine, and point 
to greater cold than now obtains in the district. The exception 
is the well-known Ccrbiciila fliiminalis, a strong bivalve shell 
which abounds, and indicates fluviatile conditions. The pre- 
sence of this shell may probably be accounted for by the fact 
that the old Humber mouth, as proved by borings, existed 
under Holderness, in the vicinity of these pits. 
Interspersed ^^-itli the gravel are bones, teeth and horns, 
of various mammals, some of which bear the teeth marks of 
hyenas. Unfortunately the steam navvies now in use do not 
enable the bones to be detected so well as when the earlier pits 
were excavated by hand. The result of this is that the specimens 
from the section are not so numerous, and most of them have 
been picked up from the gravels by local geologists. They 
include the bones of the mammoth, walrus, bison, horse, red 
deer, and elk. The mammalian remains are similar in character 
to those recorded from the buried chtf at Sewerby ; some of 
them have been water-worn and others have not. Their pre- 
sence in the gravel, where they occur mixed up with pebbles, 
may be accounted for by the supposition that they were 
gathered up from the beach of the old Holderness bay by the 
advancing glacier. 
The boulder clay occurring on the flanks of the hill, which 
in some places is as much as 15 ft. in thickness, is of the foxy-red 
