HUGHES : INGLEBOROUGH. 
187 
and more rapidly, and deposits accumulated over the sub- 
merged area, varying according to the distance from shore, 
the supply of material, and other local circumstances. Here the 
Lower Old Red or Merthynian, which is stratigraphically the 
conformable upward continuation of the Silurian, was by subsi- 
dence below sea level placed out of reach of denudation, whereas 
in the northern area it was all swept away. The left-hand side 
of the diagram represents the conditions prevailing in Devon- 
shire and South Wales, and the right-hand side those of North 
Wales and the North of England. 
Having referred to the observations of earher writers and to 
some general questions as to the place of the Basement Beds of 
the Carboniferous of Ingleborough in geological history ; and 
having discussed the probable conditions under which they were 
laid down and the associated geographical features produced ; 
it may be useful now to follow them in detail along their winding 
outcrop, pointing out each more important exposure and calling 
attention to such variations in character or mode of occurrence 
as may seem to throw light on the general questions of their 
age and origin, or to suggest a promising line for further research. 
To begin, then, in Kingsdale, we find the Basement Bed 
well seen west of the old slate quarry north of the great fault. 
Here there is a thin-bedded grey limestone passing down into 
a similar series of beds full of white quartz pebbles, and this 
in turn passing doAvn into a conglomerate, which, where exposed, 
is somewhat loose and unconsolidated, and composed of quartz 
pebbles and bits of the underlying slates, with lenticular con- 
cretionary nodules of hmestone with or without pebbles. This 
rests on the edges of the slate, here much decomposed, which 
may perhaps be due to the same cause as that which affected 
the conglomerate above. About 70 yards further north the 
grey limestone with pebbles is false bedded and the pebbles 
sometimes occur in horizontal line's and sometimes sporadically 
throughout the mass. 
The irregular distribution of the pebbles can be seen all 
along the cHffs on our left as we proceed north towards Thornton 
Force. 
