HUGHES : IXGLEBOROUGH. 
305 
as in the case of Ingleborough and Penygent, they are smoothed 
on the north and more abrupt on the south, hke the " crag and 
tail " of Scotch geologists. On either side of us we have hanging 
valleys, as in Chapel-le-Dale, Kingsdale, Crummack, and Ribbles- 
dale, abruptly cut off and emptying their waters by gorge and 
cascade into the low^er and larger straths below. Everywhere 
we come upon glaciated surfaces, perched blocks, and scratched 
stones, which run up to 1,800 feet on the hills to the north, 
and up to 1,400 feet on Ingleborough itself, but none of them 
far transported. In all these we see plainly written on the 
rocks the history of an episode during which this district presented 
the appearance of the marginal regions of Greenland. Shall we 
venture to connect these tw'O subjects of speculation, and ask 
whether if such an upheaval as we believe did take place once 
upon a time were to have recurred in recent ages, and Ingle- 
borough and Penygent were betw^een 7,000 and 8,000 feet or 
more in height, glaciers would not again creep down their sides 't 
Anyone who has seen, as I have, masses of snow many feet 
in thickness lying in Long Kin West on the 4th of July, can 
easily believe that a much smaller uplift than that would cover 
these heights with perpetua.1 snow. The precipices of Ingle- 
borough have crumbled down aU round — some more, some less. 
The north end of the hill presents a grand scene of ruin, and yet 
this was the part that must have been swept most clean by 
the great mass of ice that once advanced from the gathering 
ground on the north, and split on the end of Ingleborough. 
If this be so. this breaking up of the rocks must have taken 
place after the ice had left it. The top of Ingleborough must 
have stood far above the glaciers that continued to creep down 
Kibblesdale and Chapel-le-Dale in later glacial times, and it is 
to the various successive stages of a continuous diminution of 
ice, with its accompanying moraines and glacier streams, that 
we must refer many of its most striking superficial phenomena. 
While glaciers were grinding along the bottom of the hill, what 
was practically post-glacial denudation was going on near the 
top, where frost and sunshine and rain and lightning have been 
at work ever since. 
