372 
THE GLACIATION OF NORTH CLEVELAND. 
BY FRANK ELGEE. 
{Read 2Qth September, 1908. Manuscript received 
5th December, 1908.) 
Thanks to the great work of Professor Kendall in the Cleve- 
land area, glacial geologists are now furnished witli a key whicli 
will enable them to trace the history of the decline of the glaciers 
which debouched on to the plains of England during the Ice Age. 
Even in the area which he has made classic, work still remains 
to be done in deciphering the records of the various stages in 
the retreat of the ice from its position at maximum extension 
until it finally vanished from the district. The following notes, 
therefore, deal with the glacial phenomena produced during 
the retreat of the ice in North-west Cleveland, and embrace 
the Upleatham and Eston Outliers, the Guisborough Valley, 
and the Cleveland Plain of Stokesley. 
The phenomena to be discussed may be conveniently divided 
into three groups, corresponding chronologically to three positions 
of the ice margin, viz. : — 
1. Phenomena at the period of maximum extension. 
2. Phenomena at the foot of the Cleveland Hills 
during the retreat. 
3. Phenomena connected with a halt of the ice on the 
Plain of Stokesley. 
The phenomena at the period of maximum extension have 
been fully elucidated by Professor Kendall, and are mentioned 
here so that what follows may be fully understood. There 
can be little question that he has conclusively established the 
existence in Cleveland, during the later phases of the Ice Age, 
of a large glacier that had passed over a part of the Cheviot 
Hills. The occurrence of Cheviot erratics, of striae, and, above 
all, of the lake phenomena, yield evidence in support of this 
contention. In the area under consideration, all the phenomena 
go to verify the presence of this glacier, and it may be remarked 
