380 ELGEE : GLACIATION OF NORTH CLEVELAND. 
is visible. A large slab of Old Red Conglomerate and boulders 
of Cheviot Porphyrite were observed near the top of the pit, 
whilst rabbit scratchings revealed fine sand. 
The flat peaty area north of Seamer extends a little east- 
wards, where, to the north of Rough and Hunter Hills, three 
parallel series of mounds can be traced. The first comprises 
Crooker's and Harker Hills, both at 275 feet. In the latter 
is a sand pit which yielded a clear section. Below the subsoil 
occurs a gravelly stratum about one foot thick, \vdth water- 
worn pebbles and boulders of Porphyrite, Carboniferous and 
Magnesian Limestones, and Borrowdale Andesite. This gravel 
passes into ruddy sandy clay with bits of coal, below which is 
a great mass of sand containing very few, if any, boulders, some 
broken shell fragments, and a large quantity of coal fragments. 
In fact, this sand so closely resembles the sea sand with coal 
on the shore between Redcar and Saltburn, that one is 
inclined to think that similar coaly sand lias been conveyed 
to the area under discussion by the ancient ice. 
Further north, a ridge known as How Hill probably marks 
another stage of retreat, and stands at 300 feet. N'ear an old 
tumulus is a sand pit. but the section is now nearly grassed over. 
Here finely bedded coaly sand could be seen near the surface in 
one place, wliilst in another was gravel passing down into ver\' 
coaly sand. The bedding was horizontal, coinciding with the 
fiat top of tlie ridge. A large block of Carboniferous Sandstone 
was noted here. 
Yet another section occurs in a fourth ridge of drift between 
How Hill and Spring Well Hill, where gravel at the top can be 
observed dipping sharply to the east, corresponding with the 
slope of the surface. The gravel here is ruddy and contains 
much clay. Many boulders were observed, and they proved 
how inextricably mixed up the two series of erratics are. A large 
block of Shap Granite was found alongside Cheviot Porphyrites 
and Magnesian Limestone, Augite .Andesite, and Criffel Granite ; 
whilst on the floor of the quarry were two large boulders of 
Carboniferous Limestone, one of them showing weathered fossils. 
Liassic fossils also occurred here, although the drift is mapped 
as lying upon the Triassic Rocks. The fossils were Lower Lias 
