SOME UNDESCRIBED FAULTS IN THE SETTLE-MALHAM AREA. 
BY COSMO JOHNS, M.I.MECH.E., F.G.S. 
{Bead \2th Xovcmber, 1908. Manuscript received 
20th December, 1908.) 
INTRODUCTION. 
The district about to be described may be considered as 
having the railway from Settle to Carlisle as its western boundary, 
the inner Craven fault, which runs from Great Stainforth by 
Black Hill and past the upper portion of Goredale, defines it 
to the north, while the more irregular line mapped, on Sheet 
92 N.W. of the Geological Survey 1 in. map, as the outer Craven 
fault, might be taken as the southern limit (see Map, Fig. 1). 
It is a countrv^ of bare limestone scars, dry valleys, and deep- 
cut gorges. The scars have been carved into fantastic shapes, 
while screes cover the lower slopes. Immediately above Victoria 
Cave is the long line of scars known as Langcliffe Scar, and 
from the top, looking E. and X. can be seen the huge dip slope 
of tlie Great Scar Limestone, relieved only by the rounded 
eminence of Black Hil], with its Grit capping and attenuated 
representative of the Yoredale series. The continuity of this 
aeries of shales, and one, if not two, limestones with the Yore- 
dale rocks of Fountains Fell immediately X. is perfectly clear. 
Their preservation is due to a complex series of faults tren ling 
X.W. and S.E., which have let them down in the Great Scar 
Limestone. 
The upper beds of the Great Scar have been denuded from 
the greater portion of the dip slope mentioned, but within the 
area covered by the Yoredale shales several stream sections 
can be seen, and the coral fauna, with Amplexi-Zaphrentis as 
the most typical form, enables the correlation of these beds 
mth the black bit\iminous limestones of the top of the Great 
Scar Limestone of Ingleborough, Penyghent, and the S.W. 
side of Langs trothdale, to be made with some certainty. The 
same coral fauna has been determined from the top beds of 
the limestone massive, near Xew Houses, 1| miles E. of Goredale, 
