JOHNS : FAULTS TN THE SETTLE-MAIjHAM AREA. 401 
line as the break in the E. and W. scars, is Sugarloaf Hill. Here 
we have the irregular bedded pale limestones, with the usual 
" Knoll " brachiopods, which, though different from the well- 
bedded limestones in and near the beck, are still of Upper Visean 
age. It is significant that if the two faults marking the break 
in the scars above the rifle butts be prolonged to the south, 
they would include between them these exposures of Upper 
Visean limestones and Sugarloaf Hill itself. High Hill is of 
Lower Visean age, and calls for a fault between it and Sugarloaf. 
The steep, northerly dip of High Hill, as compared with the 
scars facing it, demonstrate the existence of a fault between 
them, and there can be no doubt that the real outer Craven fault 
runs at the foot of the long E. and W. line of scars, and follows- 
approximately the path mentioned above. The area between 
this line and that drawn on the one-inch map of the Survey 
is occupied by a much-faulted complex of Great Scar Limestones. 
It is significant that at the point where the Attermire Cave 
fault is cut off by the Stockdale fault we have, going east, the 
commencement of a line of strong springs at the foot of the 
scars. It is difficult to explain their presence except by assuming 
that they indicate the position of an impervious barrier of pre- 
carboniferous rocks. If this be so, then such faunal evidence 
as is available would point to the lowest limestone being on 
the same horizon as the basement beds north of the inner fault 
viz., low S^. 
Conclusions. 
The results of this investigation might be briefly stated 
thus : — 
The apparently great discrepancy in thickness between 
the Great Scar Limestone exposed between and north of 
the Craven Faults has been much diminished. 
A N.N.W. series of normal faults have caused a re- 
petition of the same beds. 
The Craven Faults are shown to be best expressed 
within this area by two nearly parallel step faults running 
E. and W., viz., the inner, or Great Stainforth, fault, and 
the outer, or Stockdale, fault. 
