EXCURSIONS. 
417 
the overlying Carboniferous, indicating a considerable uncon- 
formity. The actual junction cannot be seen. 
In the upper quarry at LI awn t similar D2 beds are exposed, 
and a curiously curved bed of shale proved, on examination, to 
be due to thrusting, which lias taken place to a considerable 
extent along the bedding-planes, and which, it was suggested, 
might account for the absence of the lower part of the D2 beds. 
From Llawnt the party drove to Llansilin and Glas Coed, 
where several sections in Felsite and Bala shales were seen. One 
of the Felsite sections showed very well marked horizontal columns. 
The Carboniferous Series was seen to rest unconformably on 
these older beds, and the members then proceeded by way of 
Trefonen to Treflack Wood Quarries, in the Upper Grey Lime- 
stone of Moreton, which was found to belong to D2, to 
Oswestry. 
On April 20th the excursion was to the Llanrhaiddr and 
Cader Berwyn district. 
A long drive in a somewhat keen air brought the party to 
Llanrhaiddr, whence they proceeded to the picturesque water- 
faU of Pystj^l Rhaiddr. 
The crest of the fall is formed by a bed of columnar Felsite, 
this being much harder than the overlying and underlying slates. 
The shoulder of Cader Berwyn was then crossed, some of 
the hardier members ascending to the summit in spite of the 
bitter wind and occasional driving showers of snow and sleet, 
and a return was then made to Llanrhaiddr by a more circuitous 
route, a few trilobites being obtained from the Ordovician 
rocks on the way. 
From Llanrhaiddr the members drove back to Oswestry. 
The Summer Meeting was held at Richmond, from June 
19th to June 22ncl, under the presidency of Mr. J. J. Burton and 
leadership of Mr. William Home, F.G.S., the headquarters being 
at the Fleece Hotel. 
The route for Friday's excursion was through Skeeby over 
Watling Street, the old Roman highway, past the interesting 
Scotch Corner, where the east and west roads to Scotland diverge. 
Sedbury Duckett, with its reminiscences of the Moss troopers 
and their periodical raids, was noticed, and then Barton Quarry 
