420 
EXCURSIONS. 
by glacial drift, and it may be that in this fact lies the explana- 
tion of the dry valley. 
The copper mine on the right bank of the Swale, opposite 
Richmond, was then visited, and specimens of Malachite, Azurite, 
and Copper pyrites were seen. 
The evening meeting was held at the Fleece Hotel, under 
the presidency of Mr. J. J. Burton. Two new members were 
elected. 
Mr. Robinson (Sedbergh) proposed a vote of thanks to 
the President and to Mr. Horne for his able leadership of the 
field excursions, also to the owners of property for the facilities 
which they had granted. 
Mr. Cosmo Johns opened a discussion on the position of 
the boundarj^ between the Lower and Upper Carboniferous. 
He described the early work of Phillips, who drew his line at the 
top of the Main Limestone. 
Above these are the Black and Red beds of Wensleydale, 
which Phillips placed in the Millstone Grit (Upper Carboniferous). 
Dr. Dwerryhouse pointed out that the Millstone Grits of 
the South of England were very different from those of Lancashire 
and Yorkshire, and may well have had a separate origin. Hence 
the base of the Millstone Grit, viewed as a lithological division, 
may be at different horizons in different parts of the country. 
Mr. William Simpson suggested that the marine fauna of 
a series must naturally develop further and show higher forms 
in the portion of the area which was last to shoal than in the 
peripheral portion which shoaled earlier. 
On the 21st a few of the members revisited the section 
near Willance's Leap with the object of working out the beds 
above the Main Limestone. 
The chert beds in the upper part of Deepdale were found 
to be highly fossiliferous, and a large number of specimens 
was collected for future investigation. Throughout the ex- 
cursion the weather was excellent. 
The Autumn Meeting of the Society was held from September 
25th to 28th at Saltburn, the headquarters being at the Queen 
Hotel. 
