38 
HISTORICAL PART 
The International Economic Congress at Vienna, 1873. 
Negotiations were still proceeding when the World's Exhi- 
bition of 1873 opened at Vienna, providing an opportunity 
1873. for the holding of International Congresses of various branches. 
These brilliant gatherings of experts included the International 
Agricultural Congress that met in Vienna on September 19'^ 
and, sitting till the 23'" of the same month in the presence 
of many of the first authorities, treated as of prime import- 
ance the following question : ^ 
„What measures are required for the protection of 
useful birds 
The first speaker was no less important a man than 
Dr. TscHUDi, the legate at Vienna of the Swiss Federal 
Council and a deservedly famous natural historian, who, in 
the course of his scholarly lecture, warmly advocated the 
protection of useful birds. Similar resolutions, though differing 
in points of detail, were proffered by Alfred Brehm of 
Berlin, Blomever of Leipsic, Settegast of Proskau (all Ger- 
mans), Alexander Middendorfe of Russia, and Marenzeller 
of Austria, etc. 
The Congress met under the presidency of John Ritter 
de Chlumetzkv (today be is Baron), the then Austrian 
Minister of Agriculture. Vice-Presidents were M. Boitel, 
Controller of Agriculture, of Paris, A. Maltzan, hereditary 
Chief Chamberlain, of Berlin, Wesniakoff, State Councillor, 
of St. Petersburg, and Count Francis Zichy, P. C. of 
Budapest 
The first meeting was held on Sept. 19. 1873; its subject 
the protection of birds, the first speaker, as already menti- 
^ Compiled on the basis of the „Resume des deliberations et deci- 
sions du premier Congres international agricole et forestier". Vienne 1874. 
