THE QUESTION OF THE INTERU PROT. OF BIRDS COMES TO HUNGARY 
precise in its enactments concerning the protection of useful 
and the hunting down of noxious birds. 
Concerning the protection of useful birds § 24 enacted 
that it should be forbidden to steal or destroy the nests, eggs 
or broods of birds useful to agriculture. 
As useful birds should figure a) those birds of prey which 
feed on mice and smaller mammals, e. g. the two species of 
buzzards, kestrels and owls; b) of creepers, the woodpeckers, 
wryneck and cuckoo; c) singing birds, viz. all species of 
swallows, nightjars, flycatchers, shrikes, finches, titmice, larks, 
warblers, tree-creepers, bee-eaters, and other useful birds. 
This prohibition did not, however, extend to nests found 
in buildings. 
§ 25 enacts that the protection of birds shall be included 
as a duty in the contracts of non-domestic servants, partic- 
ularly in those of keepers. 
§ 79 enacts that any person convicted of the non exter- 
mination of noxious animals or of destroying the nests or 
stealing the eggs and broods of useful birds shall be liable 
to a fine not exceeding 25 florins. 
Then again there is no trace of shooting useful birds in 
Hungary. The masses do not show any inclination to exter- 
minate useful birds; in the eyes of the masses the swallow 
and the lark are the welcome heralds of spring; consequently 
they are only too glad to tolerate swallows' nests on their 
houses. But though in this respect no fault can be found 
with the masses, there can be no doubt that, by rooting out 
shrubberies and undergrowth, they help indirectly to decrease 
the numbers of useful birds 
For the future this mischief can be counterbalanced by 
a supply of artificial nesting-boxes. 
Before passing on to treat of the further moments of the 
development of the cause of international bird-protection, we 
