208 LAPWING 
still breeds very scarcely on some of the high Cumbrian 
hills, and it is said also on those of Kirkcudbrightshire, 
and is occasionally met with on the shores on both sides 
of the Solway. It has very rarely occurred in Shetland 
and Orkney, in the latter of which, however, it is stated 
to have bred; there is no certain record for the Outer 
Hebrides. It nests also on some of the mountains of 
the Scottish mainland, but has become a very scarce British 
species, 
VANELLUS VULGARIS, Bechstein. 
LAPWING. 
Peewit. Manx, *Eairkan (M.S. D.); Earkan} (Cr.). The 
‘Lapwing’ of Lev. xi. 19 is so rendered in the Manx Bible. 
The word is derived from Eairk, ‘a horn.’ (Cf. Sc. Gaelic, 
Adharcag-luachrach, Adharcan-luachrach; Irish, Adhatrein ; 
Welsh, Conchwiglen; Bret., Kernigel; Provincial English, 
Horn Pie, Horniwink.) 
In the winter season large numbers of Lapwings often 
visit the island in an erratic manner, and the bird is then 
seen sometimes in large flocks, especially in the northern 
and southern lowlands, but generally the species is much 
less abundant than on the mainland. 
Lapwings breed probably in almost every parish in Man, 
mostly on patches of rough and somewhat damp waste of 
greater or less size, such as are found especially on the 
lower portions of the hill-ranges, but in general only a few 
1 In Lezayre there is a hill farm entitled Parknearkin or Park-ny-earkan, and 
Mr. Moore derives from the bird's name that of a shore in Maughold, Traie-ny- 
Earkan or Earaghyn, which I have locally heard explained in the same way ; but 
another perhaps more likely derivation is given in Y, LZ. M., vol. i. part. ii. 
p. 75. 
OT OO ns _ 
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