Gray Wolf 
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holes among rocks, in washed-out cavities in the bad lands, 
or in old badger holes that have been enlarged by the wolf. 
The pups remain at or near the dens until they are two or 
three months old. In the spring of 1907, in the Green River 
Valley, and along the east base of the Wind River Mountains 
in Wyoming, 12 wolf dens were discovered and raided, and 
70 pups found therein. This was done by the cattlemen 
and forest rangers, the latter having been instructed to hunt 
for and destroy all the wolves possible. It is by finding the 
dens and killing the young wolves that the best work in keep- 
ing down their numbers is done. Both parents aid in bringing 
up the young, the male hunting food for them as well as the 
female. Their food consists of almost anything, from 
rabbits up, and they occasionally catch the different species 
of grouse which live in their range. In Colorado and other 
parts of the West, probably but few deer, antelope, or elk are 
destroyed by wolves, but in some other parts of the United 
States and Canada many deer, caribou, and some moose are 
killed by them, while in the very far North musk ox are their 
prey. Cattle are the stock usually killed by wolves, and 
grown animals as well as calves and yearlings are killed, 
though the latter are the usual victims. The usual method of 
attack is from the rear, the wolf biting and tearing great 
pieces from the flanks of the victim, and many more cattle 
are killed than are eaten, as the wolf seldom goes back to 
its kill for a second meal, except when food is very scarce. 
Some cattlemen estimate the loss from cattle killed by wolves 
as high as ten per cent, annually. A good many colts and 
some full-grown horses are also killed by w^olves, the com- 
parative immunity of the latter being explained by the fact that 
they can defend themselves from a rear attack with their heels. 
Sheep are also attacked when not herded, but as in the western 
States it is the almost invariable practice to herd the sheep, 
the loss from wolves is comparatively small. Of course 
