354 
TURN-STONE. 
ish horn ; frontlet, space passing through the eyes, and thence dropping 
down, and joining the under mandible, black, enclosing a spot of white ; 
crown white, streaked with black ; breast black, whence it turns up half 
across the neck ; behind the eye a spot of black ; upper part of the 
neck white, running down and skirting the black breast, as far as the 
shoulder ; upper part of the back black, divided by a strip of bright 
ferruginous ; scapulars black, glossed with greenish, and interspersed 
with rusty red ; whole back below this pure white, but hid by the scapu- 
lars ; rump black ; tail-coverts white ; tail rounded, white at the base 
half, thence black to the extremity ; belly and vent white ; wings dark 
dusky, crossed by two bands of white ; lower half of the lesser coverts 
ferruginous ; legs and feet a bright vermilion, or red lead ; hind toe 
standing inwards, and all of them edged with a thick warty membrane. 
The male and female are alike variable ; and when in perfect plumage 
nearly resemble each other. 
Bewick, in his History of British Birds, has figured and described 
what he considers to be two species of Turn-stone ; one of which, he 
says, is chiefly confined to the southern, and the other to the northern 
parts of Great Britain. The difference, however, between these two 
appears to be no greater than commonly occurs among individuals of 
the same flock, and evidently of the same species, in this country. As 
several years probably elapse before these birds arrive at their com- 
plete state of plumage, many varieties must necessarily appear, accord- 
ing to the different ages of the individuals- 
