Country Hides and Skins. 
45 
Heavy calf are calfskins weighing from 8 to 15 pounds. They arc 
graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Light calf are calfskins weighing from 7 to 8 pounds and are 
graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Deacons are skins from very young calves. As a rule they weigh 
less than 7 pounds. 
The "War Industries Board in 1918 issued the following descrip- 
tions and data in connection with its regulation of trading in hides 
and skins : 
The following: applies to the selection of all country hides which are sold on 
the basis that they are free of ticks and brands (tick; and branded hides are 
not classed as No. 2 in sections where the maximum prices already allow for 
same). The price of No. 2 hides is 1 cent per pound under the No. 1 price.' 
No. 2 hide description : 
Any cut over 6 inches in from the edjie. 
Over 5 bad scores (cuts not extending through the hide). 
Butt brands. 
5 grubs. 
1 grain slip. 
1 rubbed area where the grain is gone. 
1 dragged area where the grain is gone. 
1 sore area where the grain is gone. 
A No. 1 hide must be not only of good pattern and trim (see fig. 
22), but must also be free from any one of the above-mentioned con- 
ditions. 
PACKER AND COUNTRY CLASSES COMPARED. 
The following tabulation of the market classes and grades of 
packer and country hides and skins is arranged as nearly as possible 
with the comparable selections in each group opposite one another. 
Packer hides and skins. Country hides and skins. 
Spready native steers, 60 pounds up None. 
Heavy native steers, 60 pounds up Heavy native steers, 60 pounds up. 
Light native steers, 50 to 60 pounds Xight native steers, 50 to 60 pounds. 
1 Branded hides are graded as No. 1 and No. 2, when the trading is on a branded basis ; 
otherwise they may be graded as No. 2. Ticky hides likewise may be graded as No. 1 
and No. 2 when the trading is on a ticky-hide basis. The following rules relating to 
this subject were published by the War Industries Board in 1918 : 
" Side branded and ticky hides shall be sold at 2 cents per pound reduction for each. 
For example, if the price of No. 1 native hide is 21 cents per pound, then the price of 
the ticky or side branded hide will be 19 cents per pound. If the hide is both side 
branded and ticky then the price will be 17 cents per pound. 
" Cutthroats shall sell at one-half cent per pound reduction in all cases. (No hide 
shall be deemed a cutthroat if 4 inches remain between the edge of the cut and the center 
of the butt of the ear on each side.) 
" Heads hanging by string necks shall be cut off. If left on, they should be billed back 
at the price of glue stock. 
"All hides shall be free of meat, tail bones, switches, sinews, horns, bags, split shanks, 
mud, and manure. (If mud and manure can not be removed, it must be allowed for.) 
" Curing hides in vats, barrels, or other water-tight containers must be stopped. The 
use of preparations for false weighting is prohibited." 
