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Farmers' Bulletin 1055. 
Nine sections of the United States recognized in the hide trade. 
1. Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Michigan. 
2. Kentucky, Tennessee, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, and 
District of Columbia. 
3. Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, 
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, and New Jersey. 
4. Illinois, Kansas, Missouri. Iowa, Nebraska, Wisconsin. Minne- 
sota, and eastern parts of North Dakota and South Dakota. 
5. California, Utah, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and Idaho. 
6. Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana west of the Missis- 
sippi River. 
7. Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and 
Louisiana east of the Mississippi River. 
8. Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and western parts of North Da- 
kota and South Dakota. 
9. Arizona and New Mexico. 
The classifications and definitions given below apply to country 
hides and skins. Owing to the absence of uniform grade standards, 
it is difficult to give definitions of grades which will apply in all 
sections. 
Heavy native steers are unbranded steer hides weighing GO pounds 
or over. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Light native steers are unbranded steer hides weighing 50 to 60 
pounds. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Heavy native cows are heavy, unbranded cowhides weighing GO 
pounds and up. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Buffs 1 are unbranded steer, 1 cow, and bull hides weighing from 45 
to 60 pounds. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. (In some sections 
butt-branded hides of these weights are included and graded as 
No. 2.) 
Extremes (extreme lights) are unbranded steer, cow, and bull 
hides weighing from 25 to 45 pounds. They are graded as No. 1 and 
No. 2. (Butt-branded hides of these weights are included in some 
sections and graded as No. 2.) 
Heavy bulls (also heavy native bulls) are heavy, unbranded bull 
hides weighing 60 pounds up. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Heavy branded bulls are side or butt-branded bull hides weighing 
60 pounds and up. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Branded hides are side or butt-branded hides, or both, from steers, 
cows, and bulls. Usually they are range and Texas hides. They are 
sold flat for all weights from 25 pounds up, and are graded as No. 1 
and No. 2. 
Kipskins are heavy calfskins weighing from 15 to 25 pounds except 
in the southeastern and western coast sections, where the weight 
range is from 15 to 30 pounds. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
1 Unbranded steer hides from 50 pounds to 60 pounds are classed as buffs when not 
selected for light native steers. 
