42 
Farmers' Bulletin 1055. 
above, are those with one or more brand marks on the rump. If 
the brand extends more than 18 inches up from the butt end, the hide 
is classed as Colorado. 
Heavy Colorado steers are western side-branded steer hides weigh- 
ing 60 pounds and up. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Light Colorado steers are western side-branded steer hides weigh- 
ing from 50 to CO pounds. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
No selection is made for extreme light Colorado steer hides. The 
weights from 25 to 50 pounds of this description are sold with 
branded cows, or with extreme light Texas steer hides. 
Native cows are unbranded cowhides. 
Heavy native cows are unbranded cowhides, weighing 55 pounds 
and up. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Light native cows are unbranded cowhides, weighing from •!'> to 55 
pounds. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Branded cows are both butt and side-branded cowhides and are 
sold flat for all weights from 25 pounds up. They are graded as 
No. 1 and No. 2. 
Native bulls are bull hides free of brands. They are not selected 
on a weight basis but are sold flat for all weights 25 pounds and over. 
They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Branded bulls are branded bull hides and are sold flat for all 
weights 25 pounds and over. They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Kipskins are heavy veal skins weighing from 15 to 25 pounds. 
They are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. All heavy veal skins weighing 
over 25 pounds are called hides; in some markets those weighing 
from 25 to 35 pounds are called overweight kips. 
Branded kipskins are skins carrying side or butt brands. They 
are graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Heavy calfskins weigh from 8 to 15 pounds. They are graded 
as No. 1 and No. 2. 
Light calfskins weigh from 7 to 8 pounds. They are graded as 
No. 1 and No. 2. 
Deacon skins are from newly born calves. 
Slunk skins are from stillborn calves. 
" Koshers " or " cutthroats " are hides and skins from " koshered " 
cattle or cattle killed according to the requirements of the Jewish 
religion. They are classified and graded as other hides and skins, 
but usually sell for one-half cent a pound less, because of the marred 
pattern which results from cutting the throat crosswise instead of 
lengthwise. 
CLASSES AND GRADES OF COUNTRY HIDES AND SKINS. 
The grade terms employed in marketing country hides and skins 
are somewhat indefinite and are not uniformly understood and ap- 
plied throughout the United States. At present there is no recog- 
