8 
Farmers' Bulletin 1055. 
Fig. 4. — Failure to cure the hide caused this condition. Such a hide is hardly worth 
tanning. It is fit only for very inferior soles and heel lifts when there shculd have 
been from 6 to 8 pairs of good outsoles. 
Ticky hides make leather of low value, while grub holes and brand 
sears limit the area of sound leather obtained and the uses to which 
it can be put. Injuries from ticks and grubs influence the market 
prices of the live cattle as well as of the hides. Buttrbranded hides 
sell for less per pound than natives, and side-branded for less than 
butt-branded hides of the same selections. On the live-stock market 
branded cattle bring considerably less per head than native cattle of 
Fig. 5. — Leather from a grubby hide. The grub holes will be no' iced as black specks 
near the top and middle of the side of leather. The grubby area is shown enlarged 
in the lower figure. Grubby leather is unfit for good outsoles, shoe uppers, harness, or 
belting. 
