PARULA. — PARUS. 
23 
luzoniensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 709. = Parva sinensis Gmel. 
melanochloris Vieillot, Galerie Ois. Tb. 264. =z Parva indica Lath. 
melanopygia Sclatee, Nomencl. Av. iieotrop. 142. — Columbia. Veragua. 
nigra Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 708. — Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 1054. — Schle- 
gel, Mus. Pays-Bas Ralli 65. [Nova Granada. 
Parra hrasiliensis , P. viridis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 708. 
Parr a hypomelaena Gray, Genera Birds III. 589. Tb. 159. 
Gallinula viridis Blyth, Cat. Birds as. Soc. 273. Synon. 
obscurior Lichtenstein. = Parra gymnostoma Wagl. 
punicea Lichtenstein. = Parra gijmnostoma Wagl. 
phoenicura Hodgson, Zool. Miscell. 1844. 86. — Parra sinensis Gmel. 
senegala Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 259. — Lobivanellus senegalus Strickl. 
sinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 709, — Vieillot, Galerie Ois. Tb. 265. — Gray, 
Illustr. Ind. Zool. IL Tb. 55. — Gould, Centur. Himal. Birds Tb. 77. — 
Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas Ralli 71. [India. Ceylon. Java. Philippinae. 
Parra luzoniensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 709. — Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 1057. 
Parra chirurgus Scopoli, Sonnerat's Voy. 82. Tb. 45. 
Tringa chirurgus Scopoli, autor. 
Hydropliasianus sinensis Wagler, Oken's Isis 1832. 279. — Gould, Birds 
Asia VII. Tb. 3. 
Diplopteryx Gloger, Handb. Natg. 1842. 
Parra phoenicura Hodgson, Zool. Miscell. 1844. 86. 
Hydrophasianus chirurgus Blyth, Cat. Birds as. Soc. 273. 
Ballat sarou. — Juana. — Dal kukra. — Bepi , Bhenpi. — Juppi pi, 
Sohuat, Surdulj Sukdel. — Pi iva. — Joli mor. — Pekwar. — Water 
.Peacock. 
superciliosa Horsfield, Transact. Linn. Soc. 1821. XIII. 194. = Parra 
indica Lath. 
variabilis Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 259. =^ Parra jassana Lin. 
viridis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 709. — Parra nigra Gmel. 
PARULA (Sylvicolinae) Bonaparte, Comp. List Birds Eur. Amer.; Compt. rend. 
1854. XXXVIII. 389. — Baird, Birds NAmerica 237. = Mniotilta Vieill. 
Synon.: Chloris Boie. — Compsothlypis Cab. 
The bill conical and acute, the culmen very gently curved from the base; the 
commissure slightly concave. The notch when visible is further from the tip 
than in Dendroeca, but usually is either obsolete or entirely wanting. Bristles 
very short. The tarsi are longer than the middle toe. The tail is nearly even, 
and considerably shorter than the wing. 
americana Bonaparte, Conspect. Avium I. 310. = Mniotilta americana Gray. 
brasiliana Bonaparte, Conspect. Avium I. 310. = Mniotilta pitiayumi. 
gutturalis Sclater, Nomencl. Av. neotrop. 8. = Mniotilta gutturalis. 
inornata Sclater, Nomencl. Av. neotrop. 8. — America central. 
insularis Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. New York 1871. X. 4. == Mniotilta mexicana. 
mexicana Bonaparte, Conspect. Avium I. 310. Mniotilta mexicana. 
pitiayiimi Baird, Birds NAmerica 237. = Mniotilta pitiayumi. 
superciliosa Sclater, Ibis 1859. I. 10. — Mniotilta mexicana. 
PARULUS (Synallaxinae) Spix, Aves Brasil. 1824. I. 85. = Synallaxis Vieill. 
Paro similis, alis brevissimis; cauda longiore, gradata; rostro tenui, brevi, 
ad apicem subarcuato; maxilla inferiore compressa, apice adscendente; naribus 
longitudinalibus, membrana obtecta. 
ruficeps Spix, Aves Brasil. I. 85. Tb. 86. Fig. 1. — Synallaxis albescens Tem. 
PARUS (Paridae. — parus nom. propr.). — Linne, Syst. Nat. 1735. — Nau- 
mann, Natg. Vögel Deutschi. IV. 90. — Gray, Genera Birds 1847. I. 191. 
Synon.: Orites Möhr. — Mecistura Leach. — Acrediihi Koch. — Megistina Vioill. — 
Paroides Brehm. — Lophophanes , Cyanistes, Poecile Kaup. — Psaltria Tem, — Melano- 
chlora Less. — Crataionyx Eyt. — Megislura, Poecila Gray. — Aegithahis Glog. — Chleiia- 
sicus Blyth. — Certhipariis Lafresn. — Certhioparus Agass. — Aegithaliscus , Baeolophus, 
Machlülophus, Pentheres Gab. — Penthestes, Ptilobaphus lieichb. — Paecila. Baeolophus, 
