PYRENESTES. 
387 
Azarae d'Orbigny, Voy. Amér. niérid. 264. = Phoenicosoma Azarae Cab. 
Azarae Woodiiouse, Sitgr. Explor. 1853. 82. = Phoenicosoma hepaticum Cab. 
bidentata Swainson, Philos. Magaz. 1827. I. 438. = Phoenicosoma biden- 
tatum Cab. 
bivittata de Lafresnaye, Revue Zool. 1841. 70. = Phoenicosoma erythromelas. 
chlorocephala Vieillot, Encycl. méth.. 801. — America mer id, 
cinerea Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 798. — America merid. 
coccinea Gray, Genera Birds II. 363. =: Phoenicosoma aestivum Cab. 
cocciiiea Burmeister, syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. III. 171. = Phoenicosoma saira. 
Cooperi Ridgway, Proc. acad. Philadelphia 1869. 130. = Phoenicosoma aesti- 
vum Cab. 
cucullata Dubus, Revue Zool. 1848. 245. = Phoenicosoma eryihrocephalum Cab. 
cyanictera Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 798. = Tachyphonus cyanicferus, 
dentata Liciitenstein, Mus. berol. = Phoenicosoma hejiaticum Cab. 
erythrocephala Gray, Handl. Birds II. 61. = Phoenicosoma erythrocephalum 
Swains. 
erythromelas Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 800. = Phoenicosoma rubrum Swains. 
erythromelas Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855. = Phoenicosoma erythromelas. 
erythropis Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 799. = Phoenicosoma ludovicianum. 
hepatica Swainson, Philos. Magaz. 1827. I. 438. = Phoenicosoma hepa- 
ticum Cab. 
hepatica Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. New York. = Phoenicosoma testaceum, 
hepatica Léotaud, Birds Trinidad 291. = Phoenicosoma saira. 
icteromelas Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 799. — America merid. 
icteropus Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 799. = Tachyphonus cyanicterus. 
leucoptera Trudeau, Journ. philos. VIII. 160. = Phoenicosoma erythromelas. 
livida Swainson, Philos. Mag. 1827. I. 438. = Phoenicosoma aestivum Cab. 
luctuosa d'Orbigny, Voy. Amér. mérid. 263. — Tachyphonus luctuosus d'Orb. 
ludoviciana Richardson, List 1837. = Phoenicosoma ludovicianum. 
mexicana Lesson, Revue Zool. 1839. 41. = Pitylus celaeno Sclat. 
mississippiensis d'Orbigny, Synops. Av. 33. = Phoenicosoma Azarae Cab. 
olivacea Lesson, L'Institut 1834. = Phoenicosoma olivaceum Less. 
rubious d'Orbigny, Voy. Amér. mérid. 265. = Tachyphonus rubicus. 
rubra Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 800. = Phoenicosoma rubrum Swains. 
rubriceps Gray, Genera Birds II. Tb. 89. Fig. 2. = Phoenicosoma rubriceps. 
roseigularis Cabot, Boston Journ. nat. hist. 1847. V. 416. = Phoenicosoma 
roseogulare. 
saira Sclater, Synops. Tanagr. 48. — Ridgeway, Proc. acad. Philadelphia 
1869. 131. = Phoenicosoma saira. 
sanguinolenta de Lafresnaye, Revue Zool. 1839. 97. = Phoenicosoma biden- 
tatum Cab. 
testacea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868. 388. Phoenicosoma testaceum. 
versicolor d'Orbigny, Voy. Amér. mérid. 262. = Lanio atricapillus Vieill. 
PYREIVESTES (Ploceidae. — 7cup7]v nucleus). — Swainson, Classif. Birds 
1837. IL 277. — Gray, Genera Birds IL 356. 
Synon.: Pirencstes Swains. — Coryphegnathus Reichb. — Amblyospiza Sundev. 
Bill very long and strong^ perfectly conic; lower mandible rather thicker than 
the upper; the culmen straight or arched advancing on the forehead^ broad and 
jlattened at the base, the sides compressed; the lateral margin straight, with an 
obsolete tooth at its base on each side; the gonys of the lower mandible lengthened 
and advancing upwards to the tip; the nostrils basal, lateral, rounded and partly 
concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings moderate ^ rounded^ with the first quill very 
small and the fourth and fifth longest. Tail lengthened and rounded. Tarsi shorter 
than the middle toe, robust and strongly scaled. The toes long and robust^ the 
outer ones nearly equal and the hind toe longer than the outer. — 6 Specc. 
albifroiis Gray, Genera Birds IL 356. [Africa merid. or. 
Pyrrhula albifrons Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832. 32. 
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