608 
TETRAO. 
lateral, and the nasal membrane entirely clothed with small closely set feathers. 
Wings shorty concave and rounded^ with the third and fourth quills the longest. 
Tail moderate of various forms. Tarsi as long as the middle toe, and feathered 
to the base of the toes. Toes long, covered and 'pectinated on the sides with rough 
scales; the hind toe short and slightly elevated; the claws short and curved. The 
eyebrows naked with a red^ papillose and fringed skin. — Id Specc. 
afer Müller, Syst. Nat. Suppl. 129. = Francolinus afer. 
albus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 750. — NauiMAnn, Natg. Vögel Deutschl. VI. 381. 
Tf. 159. [Europa. America sept. 
Tetrao lapponicus Gmehn, Syst. Nat. I. 751. 
Tetrao lagopus Forster, Philos. Transact. 1772. LXII. 390. 
Tetrao cachinnans Retzius, Faun. suec. 210. 
Tetrao subalpinus Nilsson, Ornith. suec. 307. 
Tetrao saliceti Temminck, Pig. Gall. III. 208. Tf. 11. Fig. 1—3. — Audu- 
bon, ornith. Biogr. II. 528. Tb. 191. 
Lagopus albus, L. lapponicus Stephens, gener. Zool. XL 292. — Audu- 
bon, Birds Amer. V. 114. Tb. 299. — Baird, Birds NAmer. 633. 
Lagopus montanus, L. subalpinus Brehm, Vögel Deutschl. 516. 517. 
Lagopus saliceti Richardson, Fauna bor. amer. II. 351. 
Tetrao br achy dacty lus Temminck, Man. Ornith. IV. 328. 
Lagopus ferrugineus Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. 
Lagopus brae hy dacty lus Gould, Birds Eur. Tb. 256. 
alchata Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 276. = Pterocles alchata Lichtst. 
alpinus Nilsson, Ornith. suec. I. 355. = Tetrao mutus Mart. 
andalusicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 766. = Turnix sylvatica Desfont. 
arenarius Pallas, nov. Comm. Petropol. 1774. XIX. 418. = Pterocles are- 
narius Tem. 
betulinus Latham, Ind. Ornith. 11. 637. = Tetrao bonasia L. 
bicalcaratus Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 277. = Francolinus bicalcaratus Gr. 
bonasia Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 275. — Buffon, PI. enl. 474. 475. — Naumann, 
Natg. Vögel Deutschl. VL 358. Tf. 158. [Europa. 
Bonasa Brisson, Ornith. I. 191. 
Tetrao betulinus^ T. nerhesianus Scopoli, Annus I. 118. 119. 
Tetrao canus Sparrman, Mus. Carlson. Tb. 16. 
Bonasia sylvestris, B. rupestris Brehm, Vögel Deutschl. 513. — Degland, 
Ornith. Eur. IL 52. 
Tetrastes bonasia Blasius, Wirbeith. Eur. 200. 
Bonasia betulina Bonaparte, Cat. Parzudaki 13. 
Bonasia europaea Gould, Birds Eur. IV. Tb. 251. 
Bonasia lagopus, B. minor, B. albogularis Brehm, Naumannia 1855. 287. 
brachydactylus Temminck, Man. Ornith. IV. 328. = Tetrao albus Gmel. 
brachydactylus Vian, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1867. 206. = Tetrao scoticus Lash. 
brachyrhynchus Temminck. = Tetrao scoticus Lath. 
californica Shaw, Nat. Misc. Tb. 345. = Ortyx calif ornicus Steph. 
camtschaticus v. Kittlitz, Reise russ. Amer. 1. 314. = Tetrao parvirostris Bp. 
canace Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 275. = Tetrao canadensis L. 
canadensis Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 274. — Buffon, PI. enl. 132. — Audubon, 
orn. Biogr. V. 563. Tb. 176. [America sept. 
Tetrao Canadae Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 275. — Buffon, PI. enl. 131. 
Bonasa freti hudsonis, B. canadensis Brisson, Ornith. I. 201. 203. Tb. 20. 
Canace canadensis Reichenbach, nat. Syst. 29. 
Tetrao Franklini Douglas, Linn. Transact. 1829. XVI. 139. — Swainson, 
Faune bor. amer. Tb. 61. 62. 
Tetrao fusca Ord, Guthr. Geogr. IL 317. 
Canace Franklini Gray, Handlist II. 276. 
canus Sparrman, Mus. Carlson. Tb. 16. = Tetrao bonasia Lin. 
capensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 759. = Francolinus nudicollis Gr. 
