612 
TETRAOGALLUS. 
umbellus Richardson, Fauna bor. amer. II. 349. = Tetrao Sahinei Dougl. 
iiiiibellus Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 275. — Wilson, amer. Ornitli. VI. 46. Tb. 49. 
— Audubon, ornith. Biogr. V. 560. ïb. 41. \^America sept. 
Bonasa umbellus St:ephens, gen. Zool. XI. 300. — Baird, Birds NAmer. 630. 
Tetrao togatus Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 275. — Buffon, PI. enl. 104. 
Tetrao tympanus Bartram, Trav. Florida 290. 
Attagen pennsylvanica Brisson, Ornitb. I. 214. 
Tetrao umbelloides Douglas, Linn. Transact. 1829. XVI. 148. 
Tetrastes umbellus Gray, Handlist IL 277. 
urogalloides v. Middendorff, Sibir. Reise Tb. 18. = Tetrao parvirostris Bp. 
iirogallus Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 273. — Buffon, PI. enl. 73. 74. — Naumann, 
Natg. Vögel Deutschl. VL 277. Tf. 154. 155. [Europa. 
Urogallus major Brisson, Ornith. I. 182. 
Tetrao major, T. crassirostris, T. maculatus, T. pseudogallus Brehm, Vögel 
Deutschl. 503—506. 
Tetrao vulgaris Fleming, Hist. brit. anim. 
urophasianellus Douglas, Linn. Transact. 1829. XVI. 136. = Tetrao pha- 
sianellus L. 
urophasianas Bonaparte, Zool. Journ. 1828. III. 214. — Audubon, ornitb. 
Biogr. IV. 503. Tb. 371. [America sept. 
Centrocercus urophasianus Jardine, Gallin. 140. Tb. 17. — Baird, Birds 
NAmer. 624. 
Tetrao phasianellus Ord, Guthr. Geogr. II. 317. 
variegatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 768. = Crypturus variegatus. 
virginianus Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 272. = Ortyx virginianus Gr. 
viridis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 761. — Cryptonyx coronatus Tem. 
TETRAOGALLUS (Phasianidae). — Gray, Illustr. Ind. Zool. 1834. — Gray, 
Genera Birds 1844. IIL 500. 
Synon.: Lerva Hodgs. — Megaloperdix Brdt. — Clionrtka Mötsch. — Oreotetrax Cab. 
Bill moderate, broad at the base, with the culmen arched to the tip, with 
overlaps that of the lower mandible, the sides compressed, and the lateral margins 
straight; but curved close the tip; the nostrils large and covered by a membrane, 
with the opening semicircular. Wings moderate and pointed, with the second and 
third quills the longest. Tail ample and rounded. Tarsi rather shorter than the 
middle toe and covered in front with broad divided scales. Toes long, the lateral 
ones united to the middle one and nearly equal, the hind toe very short and hardly 
elevated; and the claws moderate and curved. — 4 Specc. 
alpinus Gray, Genera Birds III. 500. = Tetraogallus caspius Gr. 
altaicus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842. 105. — Gould, Birds Asia V. Tb. 3. 
[Altai. 
Perdix altaica Gebler, Bullet, acad. Petersbg. I. 31; VI. 30. 
Tetraogallus caucasiens Eversmann, Add. Zool. ross. II. 13, 
caspius Gray, Genera Birds III. Tb. 129. — Gould, Birds Asia V. Tb. 1. 
[Sibiria. Asia. 
Perdix caspia Latham, Ind. Ornith. II. 655. 
Tetrao caspius Gmelin, Reise 67. Tb. 10. 
Tetrao caucasiens Pallas, Zoogr. ross. as. II. 76. 
Lophophorus Nigelli Jardine, Illustr. Ornith. III. Tb. 141. 
Perdix Nigelli Brandt, Bullet, acad. Petersbg. 1843. I. 279. 
Tetraogallus caucasiens Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842. 105. 
Chourtka alpina Motschulsky, Bullet. Nat. Moscou 1839. Tb. 8. 
Megaloperdix caucasica Brandt, Bullet, acad. Petersbg. VIII. 190. 
Oreotetrax caucasica Cabanis, Ersch Grub. Encycl. 3 rect. XXII. 144. 
caucasicus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842. 105. = Tetraogallus caspius Gr. 
caucasicus Eversmann, Add. Zoogr. ross. II. 13. = Tetraogallus altaicus Gr. 
cruentus Gray, Genera Birds. = Ithaginis cruentus Gr. 
gularis Temminck. = Francolinus gularis Blyth. 
