34 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST- 
[July i, 1893. 
wonld ask all iudividual owners of well- 
managed profitable Ceylon estates, to make 
quite sure they are dealinj^ fairly and 
liberally by their Superintendents and Assist- 
ants and if they do not sec their way to 
granting a share in profits, to consider 
carefully whether they cannot make the 
concession formulated on behalf of a good 
many of his brethren by the intelligent, hard- 
working planter in the letter signed " Super- 
intendent" in another column. 
LONDON MARKET B'OR TEA SHARES. 
Thursday Evening, May 18. 
The Btrained finaooial Bituation bu letcted a little 
even upon the market of Tea Shares, and traneac- 
tione have been on a more limited ccale in congequence. 
Mluoing Lane k«epa quita with pricca on a some- 
what lower leve/, though cactailed supplies seem likely 
before long to cause a reactioo. 
Befobts and Dividends.— The Dooars Oompany 
issues its aonaal report, and anoouDceB the usual 10 
per ceut. dividend and 2} per cent, bonus, betides 
which the reserve fund is raised from X6,O0O, at which 
it stood, up to £28,6001 The year's working may be 
regarded an exceptionally satisfactory. Balijau shows 
a komewhat bettor aooount than last year, and pays 
3 per cent, dividend. The Cherra and Endogram 
(Oschar Companies alio issue theit reports, bat neither 
of them give anything to their shareholders. Honwal 
shows au improved state of affairs— pays 7 per cent, 
inolueivd of 2i per cent, interim), and adds £1,000 
to reserve, bringing it np to £i,000. 
Meetings.— The Doom Dooina Company held its 
shareholders' meeting on Wednesday, and report of 
proceeding appears in another oolamn. The Cherra 
and' Bodogram Companies also held meetings on Tues- 
day last for formal business. Special Meetings.— The 
Luckimpore Company calls its sharehvlders together 
on May 24th for the purpose of empowering its direc- 
tors' to negotiate terms of amalgamation wilh the 
Mejuli (oentiguous) Coy., and proposes what appears 
fair and equitable terms of amalgamation. 
The following companies have already announced 
their dividends, and, for our readers' intormation, we 
give a comparison with last year's distributions :— 
1892, 
Per cent. Per cent, 
Darjeeling Co 6 against 5 
Doosrs Co. (incltidiDg Oomis.) 12J „ 10 
Balijsn 3 „ 2 
Borokal lo „ 10 
ChaDdpore...<. 10 „ 6 
Cbnbwa 6 „ 2J 
Doom Dooma^...... 13i „ lOi 
Hnnwat 7 „ 2<| 
Indian Caohar 6 „ 6 
Leesh Biver i 20 „ 7 
Lungia 7 „ 5 
Mazdehee 9 „ 5 
Nonoi 10 ,. 74 
CsYLON SHABE8;-^Ceylou Plantation Tea Compivny. 
— The ordinary are rather Offered for ' sale, ex .the 
recent div., and £15 or tbeieabouts would posal,'ly 
fetch a limited number of shares. The pre/s. ate in 
strong enquiry, bat even at 12^ sellers cannot bv) 
found.' Eastern- Produce and Estate Compuny's ordi- 
nary) shares have been taken at 32s 6d, an advance 
of half-a-crown on last prioa The 7 per cent 
shares of the Oriental Bank Estate Company (which 
have paid no interest for the last two hall-years; 
have been taken, speculative]^, at from 2| up to 3^, 
an advance on recent minimum valu>'. Scottisu 
Ceylon ate asked lor, bat there are no Beliefs. — 
E. and 0, Mo.il, May 19. 
COMPLETE MANUHIKG. 
The judicious comUcation of green macuricg, with 
the use of ilie concentrated feriiliz>:n of commeref , 
is surely the i eareet a|:)proaoh that can be niii Je to 
the idle treatment of the soil lor the production 
of paying crops. It may salely be said that it >e 
the only treatment which will baild up a soil to a 
conditicn of lasting iertility. The contiooal practice 
of either of these metliods, oncombiued with the 
ether, is certsin to I'rove ineaffioient in the loagruo. 
Two conditiobs which prevail with us in Florida, 
make this especially true for 01— our sandy soil and 
the heavy expenses of producing and maxketing the 
products of that soil. How would the grower prosper 
who attempted to produce a pajing crop of oranges 
on pine land by the use of gieen manuring alone t 
It is universally admitted that one of the essential 
factors of saocess in modern farming is a quick 
return upon one's outlay, and this necessity 
is inoreaeed in proportion, as labor, freights 
and the other expenses of produetion and 
sales are larger. 
On the other band, all the weight of testimoay 
both in theory and practice, is agaiust the ooustant 
use of concentrated fertilizers when entirely unaided 
by a suitable amount of green maouriug. We bear 
of one grove or another which has been brought up 
in this method und are told that it is tbc way pat ex- 
cellence to raise up a giove rapidly to sell. This may 
be so, but assuredly the eventual owner will dit* 
cover that the luiute ol his grove has been mort- 
gaged to secure the appearance ot proeperity in the 
pesent, and that the foundation of • lasting fertility 
nas yet to be laid in his soil. 
We touched above upon the point which, beyot d 
all others, makes green mannriug alone unfitted to 
produce paying crops. The inorganic matters and tL« 
nitrogen are very slowly given up for the use of thecrop 
which follows, or which permanently occupies the son. 
The living plant catnul aseimiiaie the elements of 
the decaying matter until the latter has t>eeo coiu- 
pletely disintegrated, aud is in tit cunditiou lur 
nbsorptioD. Beeide this paiiicuUr in HtiicU the plau 
of green manuring is inadequate, we must rememlier 
the fact that the tendency ot modern agricDliural 
practice i's towards iuteiitive latming — the prijouctiou 
of the largest possible crop on the smalltBt porsible 
acreage — and with a view to tbis, tbe neceeeity of 
a liberal nse oC higuly concenttated and quickly 
acting fertilizers is generally admitted. Kveu stable 
manure, NatQre's ocmplete fertilizers, has been 
left behind in tbe race as being too bulky and 
too slow. A lurther point which will natu- 
rally suggest itself in this connectioo is the readi- 
ness with which the commercial fertilizers can be 
adapted to tbe exact needs of the soil, or to any 
given itite of the crop which occupies it. 
On the other hand, to doubt the necessity of sup- 
pigmenting the concentrated fertilizer by some bamut- 
torming manurial tubetancd is to go in the tace of 
the best authoritiee, whether theoretical or practical. 
The advantages ot green manuring are many, and 
the majority ot them are generally well known, 
even if often hardly understood. Not the least among 
them is the improvement of the teztute of the soil. 
This bears particularly on the case of a sandy soil. A 
sandy toil is a close soil, and has a tendency to pack 
beyond almost any other kind. A soil which packs 
easily, loses its capacity for aeration, (and witn this 
much of its absorptive properties), aud capillary 
action. Tbe introduction of hnmns by the practice 
of green manuring makes such a soil tar lighter and 
more porous, and thus at the game time makes tbe 
results of cultivation more lasting. What practical 
farmer on the sandy soil of Florida has not had 
immediately after stirring the surface with the 
harrow, to deplore the aotion of a sudden heavy 
shower, which will, in ten minutes, almost entirely 
undo his work by forming a ciutt of the easily 
jacked sand? The tendency of green manuring is 
4)0 correct this undesirable characteristic of a sandy soil. 
The actual supplyiug of nitrogen is another important 
^ lunclioa wbiob is generally maoh uuderiated. Ao emi- 
