JULV I, 1893.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
29 
VAEIOUS AGRICULTUEAL NOTES. 
The Zanzibar iixpoHT Duties on Spices.— In 1892 
Uie export duty on cloves in ZanziLar yicL ed a 
rti venue of 450,237 rupees. For the present year it. 
■js expected to bring into the treasury 525,000 nipet s 
or over 76 per cent of the total revenues of the 
country. The receipts from export duty upon chillieB 
for the current jear are estimated at 12,000 rupees, 
those derived from the clove-Btem duty at 5,000 
rupees. — Chemist and Drnymst. 
Te a Patents seem 10 be increasing apace, most 
of th em purporting to be improvements in drying 
and .lolling. One, however, is a patent pluoker and 
is re{.',iBtered in the name of John Jonas, Engineer, 
of Louden, We should be glad to know whether 
the apparatus lor planting tea recently invented 
Iby a gallant Colonel has proved BUCoesBful.— S. I. 
Observer. 
Tea in Wynaad.— If it be true as the fol- 
lowing paragraph in the Jfadras Times indicates, 
that Assam planters are beginning to look to the 
Wynaad for the development of tea, a considerable 
extension of cultivation may poBsibly lake place. 
We quote as follows ; — 
There has been " a chiel among us taking notes," 
vfith, I rejoice to say, delightful result as far as can be 
judged from an expreSBion of opinon. I allude to a 
gentleman from Assam, who came to South Wynaad 
to judge of the possibilities of our district for tea. He 
made a most thcrough scrutiny of such tea as has 
already been planted, and expressed it as his opinion 
that Wynaad was certainly suited for its cultivation. 
He seemed to be tspeoially struck by the rapid growth 
of the joung plants lately put out, and the enormous 
yield (as compared with Assam) of the old plantings. 
Altogether, he was evidently most agreeably impressed 
with the capabilities of our district, and gave us to 
nnderstond that it we planted good jats ot tea, and 
started with proper machinery, Wynaad had exceed- 
ingly good prospects before it. But unfortunately tea 
should be grown on a considerable scale to be remu' 
nerative, and that means that we must have enterprise 
and money introduced. But I am glad to say that from 
What I can gather, Wynaad is likely to be brouRht into 
more prominent notice, and therefore we may hope that 
better days are really in store for us. 
The " Indian Fobeetee" ; a monthly Magazine 
of Forestry, Agriculture, Shikar and Travel, edited 
by J. S. Gamble, M.A., F.L.S., Conservator of Forests, 
and Director of the Forest School, Dehra Dun 
for April 1898. The contents are : — 
1. — Original Articles and Translations. — A plea foi 
protected Forests, by " G. E. M." — Injury by insects 
and value of Forests of the enemies of those Insects : — 
Translated from the Forst und Jagd Zeitung by S. E. 
W. Part II. — Influence on the vegetation of a forest 
of the removal of dead leaves from the soil. — Disper- 
sion of seed by birds (translation).— Imperial Forest 
School, Dehra Dnn. The Annual Prize day. — II. — 
Correspondence. — Manchuria Tiger-Skins, letter from 
" Huntingdon". — A Departmental Blazer, letter from 
" Velleda".— Potato cultivation, letter from " F. W. 
Seers". — III. — Official Papers and Intelligence. — The 
Palmyra Palm. — Beporton the ejects of the late frosts 
on vegetation in Hongkong. — IV. — Eeviews. — Annual 
Progress Report of State Forest Administration in 
New South Wales for 1891.— Report on Canal Plan- 
tations, N.-W. P. for the year ending Slst March, 1891. 
— Beport of the Agricultural Department in Burma for 
1891-92 — v.— Shikar.— The People's Tiger.— Sport in 
Austro-Hungary. — VI. — Extracts, Kotes and Queries.— 
Koadside Arboriculture in Bengal.- Forest in Russian 
Turkestan. — Old Dehra-Duniie news. — Fellows of 
Coopers Hill.— Technical Education for Geologists and 
Foresters. — Sapless Cedar Block paving. — VII. — Timber 
and Produce Trade.— Churchill and Sim's Circular, 
March 2nd, 1893.— Market Kates of Prodnots.— The 
Wood Trade in India.— VIII.— Extracts from Official 
UDzettea, Appeudis Series.— Fibres used i& Brush 
Advances upon Cinchona in Holland. — The 
manager of the Netherlands Bank in Am<iterdam 
has agreed, sajs Chemist and Druggist, to include 
cinchona-bark among the articles upon which the 
bank is prepared to advance money. The value of 
the bark upon which a loan is nsked is to be esti- 
mated by the bank's broker upon the basis of a double 
analysis of two specified chemists. Only barks equal- 
ling a minimum ot 3 percent of sulphate of quinine 
are admistible for advance, and the sum lent upon 
them thall not exceed 60 per cent of the value. 
The Nyassa Company, recently incorporated 
by Portuguese Royal Decree, is undertaking the 
important work of administering and developing 
the dietrict of Cabo Delgado and part of the 
district of Mozambique, comprising about 100,000 
Equare miles, or 64,000,000 acres. The Company 
has the right to receive the customs and harbour 
duties, and all other taxes, in its territory. The 
mangement of this great enterprise is partly in 
English hands under the presidency of Baron Carl 
de Merck. 
" Coffee Culture " is the subject of an 
advertisement in the Rio News of rather a peculiar 
character. It says that cof ee in Brazil pays better 
than any other agricultural work : — 
Small farms of twenty to one hundred acres each are 
offered in exchange for manual labor. Kinety thousand 
acres of the first quality terra roxa coffee lands in the 
onnty of Araraquara, on the Jacare river, are to be 
bad for the cultivation of them in coffee, a half interest 
in each farm given to the farmers who will work them, 
Address : The Farmers' Coffee Land Agency, Kua 
Direita No. 2. Sao Paulo. Care of Brazil. J. W. 
Coachman, Supt. 
Tannin in China and Ceylon Teas.— -Says 
the L. and C, Express : — 
One of our Colombo contemporaries has an article 
on the appendix concerning China tea to the report 
of the China Association, being that part of the 
memorandum drawn up by a sub-committee of the 
association rather more than a year ago, which has 
co-v been published. Our contemporary naturally de- 
fends Ceylon tea, wt the expense of China- Oil this 
we have nothing to remark for everyone is entitled 
to advertise his own wares to the test etdvantagei 
But when we are told that by the " thoughtlees ad- 
mission of the writer (of the memorandum) that, 
alter all there is really very little diffsrenoe in the 
qaantily of tannin in China and Ceylon teas !" we 
must protest. The remark is contrary to fact, and 
also to the statement in the said memorandum, which 
reported : — " It is believed that the amount of tannin 
in a given quantity of c/reen leaf, whether Indian, 
Ceylon, or China does not vary so much as might 
be supposed, and the quantity found in samples of 
tea in a prepared form is more a question of prooesa 
of preparation than anything else." Precisely so ; in 
the preparation of China most of the tannin is extracted, 
and at a very infinitesimal loss of its theine proper- 
ties. In Indan and Ceylon teas the tannin is allowed 
to remain to a great extent, and hence the pungent 
coarse flavour, which seems to find so much demand 
by all the poorer classes. It brews stronger. What 
the memorandum went on to suggest was whether 
the Chinese should not be approached to prepare differ- 
ently by leaving more tannin, as found in the 
green leaf, in, and thus vend an article likely to 
meet the demand here, and compete with Indian anu 
Ceylon. 
But the L. and C. Express and other organs of 
China tea ignore the laot, that the quantity oi 
tannin in any infusion of Ceylon tea can be 
regulated by the quantity of tea put in the pot 
and the time occupied in infusing. Thus it is 
possible to get more tannin in an infusioit o£ 
China than in that of Ceylon tea if the iormei 
is kept long infusing ; while a four or live minutes 
infusion of Ceyloa tea gives eo^roelf any gt (b^ 
