172 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [Sept. i, 1893. 
to the best dammsr. The bark is luucb used for 
checking the fermeDtation of toddy, and ranuj treea 
are killed by being stripped. Wood light, rather hard 
yellowish grey. The eieds are ground into meal and 
ea'en. ' 
And many others in this family Dipterocarpaccm 
Hcntiera littoralis, Etuna S. (167.) 
Berrya Amiiioialla, Hal-milla S. (173.) 
JSrythroxylon lucidum, DevadaraS. (p. I'Jl.) 
"rlie j ice of the leaves is a vulu ible aotbelmiatic and 
much used, especially for ohildreti." 
Chickrassia tahularin, Hulan-hik S. p. (2.72.) 
"Wood hard, ratber heavy, even, ehii in^, browni-h I 
red, with ratber lar({e pore", durable. Much \ slued, I 
and goes by tbe uama of ' Ohittagong wood' aud 
' White cedar' at Mairae. The liueiy carve l pillfir-i in 
tbe audieuce-ball (now District Court) at Kandy are 
made of it." 
Chloroxylon Smietenia, Buruta, satinwood S. (253.) 
and others of this order J/diacca. 
Kokoona Zeyla/nica, KokumS. (p. 270.) 
"Wood pale yellowirh-browu, smoutb, lig&t, readily 
splitting. The inner bark is of brilliant yellow colour, 
aud is used by jewellers for polishing gold embroidery, 
and ali^o as a snuff wbea powdered." 
tichleichera triju<ja, Kon S. (p. 304. 
"Xhe ' Ceylon Uak" of the i!)ogli8b, the foliage in the 
mass, especmlly when yonog, very much recembliug 
that of Quercus Rohur. 
"Tbe fruii sometimes bears sharp spioes on its sided. 
"Koenig states (in Hb. Banks) lliat tbe seeds excite 
vomiting ; the pulpy aril is however, eateo. An oil is 
obtained from the seeds. Wood very h»rd, heavy, 
close-grained, palereddiuh brown, strong and durable." 
8apindu8 emaryinatus, Penela 8. (307.) 
eiaAOampnoHperma Zeylanicum, Aridda S. (p. 326. 
"A banusome trte with fine Jerk loliage. Attains a 
great height in Earnwita Eoraie, and 6 or 7 It. in 
ciroumt'erence. In a few forests this is a gre- 
garious tree. 
"Wood white, smooth, rather light and soft, coarse- 
grained, of little use esoept for tea-boxes, for which 
It is said to be very good." 
The common and useful trees, plants and shrabs 
that have become wild, though not indigenous, are 
also interestingly noted 
see Michelia ttiampaca, Sapu S. (p. 15.) 
"M. Cbampaott, L. (U. 1:*. 1,0'23 is tbe well-known 
' Sapu,' 'Hapu' or ' Cbampak ' tree much cultivated in 
Ceylon, but nowhere native. It is cousidered wild in 
many parts of India and in Java, and ia doabtleea a 
very ancient introduction here. Tbere are speoimens 
in Hermaun's Herbarium, and it is recorded in bis 
Mus. Zeylan. p. 64 as ' Uapaghaha.' Tbe very fragrant 
yellow flowers are produced in May, and much used 
lor temple offerings. Xhey are quickly followed by 
the fruit, which contains several somewhat angular 
seeds extremely like fragments of pink coral, Tbe 
tree is well figured in Pierre's magnificent ' Flore 
Forestiere ' of Ooohiu China, t. 3. 
Canarga odorata, Uang-ilang m. (p. 22.) 
" Cananga odorata, Hk. f. and Th., tboagb not native, 
is so commonly met with in an appareutly wild state 
in tbe moist low country that it requires noiice. It ia 
a tali, quick-growing, straight tree with very large 
drooping strongly sweet-scented yellow flowers. It is 
a native of Burma, Java and the Philippines. The 
scent known by the Malay name Ilang-iUng is said to 
be obcaintd from its flowers. The tree is often called 
' Wana-aapa' or ' Bata-sapu ' by tbe Singalese." 
NasturUum officinalis, Watercress Eng. (p. 53.) 
" Nasturtium officinale, Br., the common English 
watercress, t3.\a become naturalised in many small 
streams in the moantains, where iutentionally introduced. 
The name ' Kakkuta-pala ' has been given to me by ; 
Sinhalese for this, but by Moon (Cat. 13) this native j 
name is applied to bia Anagallis esculenta from Uva j 
which is undetermined. Tne watercress is also given j 
by Moon (p. 47) as found naturalised at Kandy." 
Flacourtia, inermis, Lovi Lovi (p. 73.) 
" F. inermis, Kosb., is the Lovi-lovi, the red acid fruit 
of wliioh is well koowo, and the tree commonly grown 
4& native gardeni ; iti» of Malafan origiu." 
Adantonia diyilata, Baobab (p. 169.) 
Very interesting particulars axe here given of the tree. 
Aii-aiisoida aigilata, L. (0. P. 1141;. Tlje B»otMb 
trees at Maunar have long been well known, aud axe 
said to bave been introduced b> tbe Arabr. Tbe Xtbv i« 
native to Trop. Africa. RiiLur^h (Fl. Ind. lii. 164) 
quotes a letter from Gtn. Hay Macdonell, written in 
1802, desctibiog one of tbe^e trees at Maniuta (Mantei) 
nearly 50 ft. in circumference and stating that tbere 
were then tuanjabjui that place. In IbiKj I observed 
only a few there, on tbe site of ibe aocient city ot 
Tirukettisvaram, tbe largest stem measured being 46 
ft. in circumference at 6fi. from the ground. On Mauntr 
Itland itself are several dtzcD very couipicuoua objecta 
in the low scrubby juogle, aud Mr. M. H. Crawford, 
C.C.8., gives tbe circumttreuce of tie largest steu (in 
1H90) 6S 61 ft. 9 in., whilst tbe tree is only W fi. bign- 
Ttie trf es fruit freely, but though tbe beeds germiuaie 
well, DO young plants are to be seen, being at ooce 
eaten oS by caitle. Tbo l auiil uaine!) tor tLe tree are 
Papparsppuli and Pernkka, and tbe Bumao (Jatbolios 
call ii 'Jiidar<' Bag' because tbe Iruit conlaius 3U 
seeds. 1 have not seen naturalised trees elsewhere iu 
Ceylon, bnt Moon (Oat. 49) ^ives Jaffna, and Tnwaites 
(Euum. 28) says ' naturalised iu the uonfa.' Tiuro are 
specimens from Koening lu Brit. Ala*, labelled by him 
' in sjlviB zeylanicis eolo areooso arido,' uo doubt 
frbm MHUuar and collecied iu I7bl. tjpecimeus from 
Gardner in Herb. Perad. are lateJed ' B»ttioaloa(?; 
1U46,' and I'eoneut (Ceylon, ii. 627J meDlioi-s » lar^e 
trte at Puttalam in 1848, wbich waa destru;ej a few 
years later. 
" The pulp round tbe seeds is agreeably aoid and is 
eaten with bufialo milk aud sugar ; tbe leaves are 
ezctlleot fodder fur caitle." 
yEgle marmelos, Beli, 8. (p. 229) 
Feronia elepkantum. 
Tnis is iLe ' Wi.'od-Bpple,' of tbe Euglisb, the hard 
fruit of wbich is eumetime« mistaken fur ihat ot liiu 
Bael. Tbe specific name refers lo its oomoiuu appella- 
tion in India, ■ elephaut-appie.' Pulp ot ttie Icuu eat- 
able. Wood tiard, heavy, yellowish white. Afiords a goad 
gum." 
Canarium commune, Kata-kekune S. (p. 240; 
"C. commune, L., the Java Alaioad, liata-kekuita, S., is 
not aufrcqueuliy tonud as an iniroduoua tree; ii is a 
native of Malaya generally. The truic is considerably 
larger than in C. zeylanicum, and tbe seeds form m 
good snostitute for almonds. 
" Canarivm Ztylanicuir,. Whole tree fragrant when 
bruised. Abuuuuuce of a beautiiully clear Jiagraut 
balsamic gum-ieain, hke the Biemi ot couutneroe. Hows 
from the oark ,- it is much uted for fumigation, aud 
also burnt for light in houses, mixed with sand. 
Uermauu who spells the,namc ' K%iiuriaghaba,° notieei 
tbe How of gum Elemi. The oiiy beous are eaten. 
Wood rather light and soft, even-giaineii, white." 
Anacardium occidcrUalc, Caju B. (p. 317) 
" Anacardium occidentale, L., Caatiewnut, is so com- 
pletely esiabiisbed in tne low country, especially in 
sandy ground near the sea, as to have all tbe look of a 
native tree. There are specimens is Hermann's Her- 
barium. The Sinnslete can ii ' Caju,' an adoption ot tbe 
name used by tbe Portuguese, who uo doubt introdaced 
it. The Tamil name tor the edible part is 'Montirikay.' 
it is figured iu Bedd. Fl. ISylv. 1. 163. Its native cuauuy 
is Tropical America aud ' Aoaju ' is tbe native Biazi- 
lian name." 
and Moriiiya pterygosjjerma, Mnrunga S. (p. 327) 
'''Jlorhigapitryyosptrma, Uaertu. ^Jf. zeylanica, Pers.) 
is mucu cuXtivaiea in native gardens and appears eemi- 
wild. Tbere are speoimens in Herman's Herb. (Fl. 
Zoyl.n. 155), anj it is figured in Burm. Tbee. t. 75. 
Weil known as JIurutiga, B. andas ' Huise-rauish tree' 
by the Eugiieb, Tnciung fcuit ia much eaten in curries 
aud ihe root is a gooa buostilute lor borse-radieb, tbe 
seeJs afford an oil. iMative of JSorthern India. 
Moringa uai a remarkable floral structure and forms of 
iiselt me smdU oraer Morinyacect." 
Again it tells you what plants to seek for 
that a«« ' useful for food, medicine, dyes and 
various other economic purposes, such as 
Cosoinium /inestratum, eni-wel S. (p. 41. 
