Oct. 2, 1893.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
225 
CEYLON MANUAL OF CHEMI- 
CAL ANALYSES. 
A HANDBOOK OF ANALYSES CONNECTED WITH THE 
INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC HEALTH OF CEYLON FOR 
PLANTERS, COMMERCIAL MEN, AGRICULTURAL 
STUDENTS, AND MEMBERS OF LOCAL BOARDS- 
By M. COCHRAN, m.a., f.c.s. 
( Continued from page 157. J 
CHAPTER VI. 
CINCHONA BARK AND COCOA. 
Species of bakk— ceylon succirubra bark, 
natural and renewed— indian barks— 
MATTAKELLIE ESTATE LEDGER BARKS— WEIGHT 
OF, AND PERCENTAGE OF QUININE IN CEYLON 
BARKS ANALYSED DURING THE YEARS 18»5 TO 
1891 INCLUSIVE— COMMERCIAL ANALYSES OF 
CEYLON BARKS: SUCCIRUBRA, OFFICINALIS, 
CALISAYA LEDGERIANA HYBRID AND MIXED 
BARKS— ANALYSIS OF SULPHATE OF QUININE 
MANUFACTURED BY THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT 
—COCOA OR CACAO— PREPARATION OF SEEDS 
FOR MARKET— CEYLON COCOA— TRINIDAD COCOA- 
NIBS — COCOA-NIBS VARIOUS — ASH OF COCOA-NIBS 
AND HUSKS— COMMERCIAL COCOAS— AGRICUL- 
TURAL ANALYSIS OF CEYLON COCOA SEEDS- 
PROPORTION OF NIBS AND HUSK IN SEED - 
PROXIMATE ANALYSES OF COCOA NIBS- 
ALKALOIDS IN COCOA-NIBS— NITROGEN, PHOS- 
PHORIC ACID AND POTASH IN COCOA CKOP-- 
COMPARISON OF THE IMPORTANT CONSTITUENTS 
OF PLANT FOOD REMOVED FROM THE SOIL BY 
TEA, COFFEE AND COCOA CROPS RESPECTIVELY. 
CINCHONA BARK. 
Various species of cinchona bark are cultivated 
in Ceylon on a commercial scale, viz.. Cinchona 
Succirubra, Cinchona Officinalis, Cinchona Calisaya, 
especially the Ledgeriana variety, and several 
hybrids. The amount of Succirubra grown hitherto 
has been more than that of all the other species 
put together. 
The following are examples of the analyses 
of Ceylon Succirubra bark, both natural and 
renewed : — 
Analysis of Ceylon Succirubra Bark. 
Natural Bark. 
Perct. 
Per ct. 
Perct. 
Cryst. Quinine Sul- 
phate 
103 
1-39 
1-62 
Quinine 
•75 
103 
1'20 
Cincliouidine 
1-79 
4-54 
1-95 
Quinidine ... 
•36 
Cinchonine 
•60 
•08 
•31 
Renewed 
Bark. 
Per ct. 
367 
2- 73 
3- 85 
■27 
■08 
In the sample of renewed succirubra, the amount 
of Crystalli>ied Quinine Sulphate is high. The 
threat bulk of Ceylon renewed Succirubra contains 
only from 1-8 to 3 per cent of crystallised 
quinine sulphate. 
The following analyses of Indian barks by Mr. 
Broughton quoted from Mr. T. C. Owens' 
Cinchona Planter's ilanualshew the effect of renew. 
ing the bark of Cinchona Succirubra under moss : — 
Age of trees 8^ years. 
Mo.ss l eni'wed 
18 mouths, 
per cent. 
6-39 
3 21 
318 
Total Alkaloids ... 
i^iuinine 
Jinchonidine and 
Cinchonine 
Sulpli. Quinine Cryst. 
,, Cinchonidine 
Natural. 
per cent. 
.. f>^36 
.. 136 
.. 5^00 
.. -90 
4-03 
2-30 
3 03 
The following analyses, quoted from the same 
source as the last, shew the effect of renewing 
officinalis or crown bark: — 
Age of trees 8 years. 
Natural. 
per cent. 
. 3 61 
2'34 
1-27 
210 
144 
Renewed 
2 years old. 
per cent. 
5-83 
3 34 
2^49 
3^13 
2-60 
Total Alkaloids 
Quinine 
Cinchonidine and Cinchonine 
Cryst. Quinine Sulphate .. 
Cinchonidine Sulph. 
Examples might also be quoted shewing the 
amount of crystallised sulphate of quinine to be 
larger from the natural than the lenewed bark ; 
but such cases are rather exceptional. As a general 
rule the amount of crystallisable quinine is con- 
siderably larger in renewed than in natural bark 
from the same trees, particularly if the bark 
has been renewed under cover. 
The highest results obtained in the analyses 
of Ceylon barks which have come under my 
notice were those of individual trees from Matta- 
kellie of the Ledgeriana variety, submitted to 
the Messrs. Howard of London, for analysis and 
report. The following were the analytical re.sults :— 
a 
s 
0. 
05 " 1 ' 
V 
(L 
^ _ CO 1 ^ 
OS r- ' 1 ' 
0 
IX 
. . . ? 
00 to 05 ' 
0 
d, 
CO rC CO 1 1 
00 50 " II 
d 
(M 03 1 1 1 
V 
d, 
12^3 
9-2 
6 
d 
12^8 
9-6 
: : : 
oj o 
3 ■-J .15 4) 
72 << 3 .2 O 
(u 01 o'a.5 
n a o CO 
H o O 2 
S 3. 
a a ■ 
Renewed Ledgeriana bark does not exhibit 
the like increase on quinine w'hich is shewn by 
renewed Succiiubra and Officinalis barks. 
The following commercial analyses of Ceylon 
cinchona barks are interesting as shewing the 
average richness in qiiinine sulphate of bark 
analysed by Mr. C. E. rl. Symons and the author 
between April I8S0 and Decembor 1891. L jfivfl 
