THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. fOcr. 2. 1893. 
also, approximately, the weight of hark represented 
hy the samples analysed each year : — 
t'oriimtrcial Analyses of Ceylon Cinchona Bark. 
April to Dec. 1885 
Jan. 
to Dec. 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
Do 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
4) m 
2,611,530 1 
2,64,3,180 
2,100,981 
2,9)4,100 
2,127,985 
2,572,733 
2,609,832 
5 0) 2;' 
Per ct. 
1 -58 
1 -50 
1-83 
1- 84 
2 05 
2- 28 
2-28 
/J sj j; 
c 
■5i 
Ferct. 
1- 85 
I -75 
214 
215 
2- 40 
2-68 
2-68 
Tlie following are commercial analyses siiewing 
the maximum, minimum and mean richness of 
the different kinds of cinchona l)ark analysed hy 
Mr. Syrnons and the author during the year 1891 : — 
Commercial Analyses of Cinchona Succvrubra 
during the year 1891. 
Per ct.iPerct.lPer ct. 
Maximum 
M^inimum 
Mean 
2-90 
16' 
41-2 
35-44 
3- 
5-5 
4-81 
I'erct. 
4-05 
•94 
l-7« 
Commercial Analyses of Cinchona Officinalis 
dnring the year 1801. 
Maximum 
Minimum 
Mean 
o ^ 
02 
Perct 
8-54 
2- 23 
3- 86 
I'er ct. 
5- 
.32-6 
18-43 
>: 
Per ct. 
3- 5 
5- 
4- 37 
Perct. 
7-83 
1-43 
3-06 
Commercial Analyses of Cinchona Calisaya 
Ledgeriana during the year 1801. 
■A . 
a). 
j: ■ 
3 » jj 
0 C 
Koug 
Sulpha 
M topuri 
• 
Dryag 
^ -= 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
Perct. 
Perct. 
Maximum 
6-75 
5' 
3- 
6-22 
Minimum 
108 
18- 
4- 
•85 
Mean 
4 -.38 
5-79 
3-41 
3-99 
Commercial Analyses of Hybrid Cinchona, hark 
^ during the year 1891. 
Maxinium 
Minimuni 
♦Mean 
02- 
Perct. 
5-73 
•60 
3-33 
Perot 
5-3 
5-0 
23-4 
be 
Perct. 
4-5 
4- 
■r 0) 0) 
1^1:1 
Perct, 
5-18 
•54 
3-d8 
Ccnimereial Analyses oj Mixed Bark durmj 
Impurity. 
si 
t* 
s 
c- 
G 
f. 
s 0 «i 
-.5 * 
Perct. 
Perct. 
Perct. 
Perct. 
Maximum 
Minimum 
Mean 
4-64 
1-42 
3 03 
8-9 
23-2 
28-11 
4- 
5- 
4-68 
4-06 
1 04 
2-08 
In the ahove analyses, rougli sulphate meaus 
sulphates of crude alkaloids from sun drie<l 
Imrk extracted in the proceB8 for eiftiiuating tb«: 
quinine. 
Impurity indicates the sulphates of alkaloids 
other than quinine, together with a little coloring 
matter in the rough sulpiiate. 
Dryage indicates tlie loss in weight sustained 
by the bark when dried in the sun. Anhydrouis 
quinine sulphate indicates cryBtalli*e<l quinine 
sulphate deprived of its water of crystallisatiun. 
The following is an analysis of a ^aiupie of 
the crystallized sulphate of quinine manufactured 
by the Indian (.iovernment in 1892: — 
Per cent. 
Water of crystallization and moisture .. 6-KO 
Sulphate of quinine (anhydrous) ... 91-95 
Sulphates of other cinchona alkaloids 1-25 
Ash . ,. ... ... — 
100 00 
This article contains a very high percentage 
of anhydrous sulphate of quinine, the water of 
crystalJization being much below the theoretical 
quantity. This absence of the full complement 
of water would not interfere with its efficacy as 
a febrifuge. Other analyses of this product will 
be found in the Appendix. 
COCOA OK CALAO. 
The plant Thcobruina Cacao of the natural 
order Bythneriaceae yields the cocoa of commerce. 
It is grown in the W est Indies, Central America, 
and now also in India and Ceylon, and parts 
of Africa. The tree is indigenous to the >Vest 
Indies and Central America. It attains a height 
of from 12 to 20 feet usually, but is found much 
higher. It bears fruit at 3 years old, and its 
productiveness increases to the age of 8 years. 
The seeds are contained in pods, the length of 
which, as given by different writers, is from 5 
to 12 inches long, and the number of seeds 
from 20 to 50. The diameter of the pods is 
from 3 to 3^ inches. The size of the seeds is 
from -7 to -9 inches long by 39 to -58 inch 
broad. 
The seeds having been removed from their 
pods may be prepared for the market by simply 
drying them ; but their value is increased by a 
preliminary fermentation, by which a good deal of 
the harsh disagreeable flavour of the raw seed 
is got rjd of. Fermentation also darkens the 
color, arid the beans tliat liave been so treated 
throw off their outer coatings or husks more 
readily after the process of roasting. 
In Ceylon the cocoa chiefly grown is the 
(Jaraccas variety ; but the Forastera is also 
cultivated. A Ceylon Estate owner resident in 
London, who has been in communication with 
chocolate manufacturers and also with brokers 
who deal in cocoa, supplies the following in- 
formation, -R-hicb, as Dealing directly on the 
