252 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. fOcr. 2, 1893. 
layer of the wood and the inner tissue of the bark. 
There ia no word of its temainiD|{ in the bark 1 
The asoending eap on the other band creeps up 
from the roots chiefly in the prosencbymatouB 
eellular oonBtituents or soft cells in the fibro- 
Taioular bundles of the wood. It ia true that in 
Spring absorption is much greater than transpira- 
tion and 00 the water is stored in the stem— not the 
bark, mark you 1 — to meet the immediate demands 
of expanding buds and cell life generally. Tbe 
•auses of this upward flow of ''crude sap" are 
manifold, e g., Endosmotio action through the 
absorption of fluids by the root ; capillarity 
and imbibition in or between the tibro-vr Bfjular 
bundles ; pressure caused by tenBioa of ela«tiu cell 
walls on their contents or by inoroased tempetature, 
expanding the air in the cells ar d so causing the 
fluid to move in the direction o( least reeietance. 
The " genial infloenoes of Spring" are very potent 
factors, e.g. the swaying of trunk and brauohes in a 
March wind. 
Many more oauses might b« given ; but if your 
correspondent will refer to any standard work on 
Botany, I doubt not, but (hat ho will modify his 
views. -Yours faithfully, YOUNG PLA.NTEB. 
THE CHINA TEA TRADE. 
Dbab Sib, — I enclose a leaf of the N. C. Herald of 
Aug. 18th:— 
LOOK AT TBI EXP. RT OF TRA TO OBEAT BBITAIN 
FBOU BRANOaAI. 
Black. Green, 
lb. lb. 
Total to d*te, 1893 15.807,381 1,597,488 
Total to oorroBpoiiriing dftle 1692. . 19,515,412 2,027,804 
Decrease preseut seHson.... 3,708,031 430,316 
BXPOBT OF lEA TO THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 
Bldck. Green, 
lb. lb. 
Total to <l»te, 1893 3,828,216 3.869,749 
Total to corrotpoudiuti dute 1892 . .4,672,665 5,038,361 
Decrease preseut s- aaon 844,449 .... 
Increase ,, » 781 383 
Natt decrease 63,061 
XXPOBT OF OREBM TEA TO BOMBAY. 
lb. 
From com. of B(a»on to 3rd "Angus', 1893.. 1,062,131 
Claured August lltti Snrdt.. ... 536,253 
Total to date, 1893,. .. 1,598 384 
Total to correspindirg date 1892.. 929,692 
Increasa preaent season. . 668,692 
EX70BT OF BLAOK TBA TO RUSSIA DIRECT. 
lb. 
Total to date. 1893.. ... 21,185,993 
Total to corresponding date 1892... 16,423,703 
Increase present season.. 5,762,290 
Bee the vast importance of Bussiiin trade in tea 
compared to America. Note a^s i the ii crease of 
shipments to the Bombay market though duiing 
the past two months exchange has been all against 
shipping to India though in favour of shipments 
to England, which, however, show a decrease of 
over 4 million lb. — Yours truly, 
MERCHANT. 
[Yes, for Shanghai alone : not bo for Fooohow and 
pther porta.— Ed. T A.} 
TEA SEED OIL. 
Lunugalla, Sept. 6. 
Deab Bib, — 1 am obliged to you for the kind 
notts you have inserted in your valukble journal 
re tea seed oil. I am sending you in a bigger 
phial of the same oil. This quantity has been ex- 
tracted from a lb. and a half of tea seed which 
was considered not very nooi by Mr. N. D. S. J. 
From one lb. of good seed it has leen found 
experimentally that a little less than a pint of 
oil can be obtained. Kindly show or give this 
or part of it to any one who may feel intfreeted 
I Tkould aleo ask you to tiy it in a lamp. This 
ought to find its way to the Loudon market soon 
and give Ceylon a chance. Some of the planters 
here are trying it themaelvea — Youra very trulv, 
WALLACE. 
[We shall send the rample (o Lundon for 
report.— Ed. T.A.] 
PLANTERS AND THEIR ENEMIES. 
Deab Sib,— Beferrirg to a letti-r by your correE- 
pondent "Planter" «hich appeared in your iueae 
of the Slst ult., " Planter" must entertain curious 
ideas regarding bis brother planters — or those be 
comes in contact with must differ widely from the 
true representative body — when he is li'd to write 
of them : " I thick many planters are inclined to 
stand Etill knowing that they have the pest of 
Helopeltis on their estates through the fear that 
by trying to catch them it may become known that 
they are doing so and thus depreciate the value 
of their estates." Is 'Planter" "a new chum I" 
that be seems to know so little of " ihe acts of 
tbe planters?" Have they not ever vented the 
attacks of every enemy that made its appearance 
since bug made its inroads on tbe coffee in tbe 
fifties. Volumes mi(iht be made from old Obterven 
on black bug, white bug, green bug, ockohafere 
and all tbe other enemies of coffee eoumerated 
and scientifically dealt with in the Obnerrer by 
Nietner down to that mo.st fearful of all pe te, 
leaf-disease, that completely routed the coffee 
planter. "Calmly sit down," says your oorrespon- 
dei t, '' and ignore the presence of this pest." 
No, I think it is tbe other way. A neighbour 
of mine has been on tbe war-path for a week and 
only found one fly. Taking a number of estates about 
here, Ibe average elevation I supposs to be about 
1000ft. Helopeltis has hardly made an appearance — 
and every Planter seems alert to Etamp it out 
before it can do any appreciable damage. Per. onally 
I have just seen enough to cobvince me that it 
ha t made a faint attempt at oolonieation on thi-^ 
estate but couid not find a single fly, Natuie. I 
believe had forestalled me. Whenever I found marks 
that I supposed to be Hflopeltis, — a spider was there 
and had her net spread. As you wis< ly remark there 
is no cause for tJarni we have goi an insect and 
not a fungus to cootend vsith. and grevilleas which 
are now being largely planted amongst tbe tea may 
be some protection. — Yours, &o., 
ANOTHER PLANTER. 

THE DUTCH MARKET. 
Amstfroam, AogDst 22. 
All the analydta for tbe riuchona-bark sales on 
Augnst 31 have been oompleted now. The manufac- 
turiug-bark contains 25 tons of saipbate of quinine, 
or 4'75 per cent, on the avernge. A'lout 4 tons con- 
tain 1 to 2 per cent.; 54 torn 2 to 3 per cent.; 103 
tODi 3 to 4 per cant.; 135 tons 4 tn 5 per cent.; 125 
tons 5 to 6 per cent.; 59 tons 6 to 7 per cent.; 27 
tons 7 to 8 per aent.; 3 tons 8 to 9 pet cent.; 3 tout 
9 to 10 per oeat., 1 ton coHtains 10 to 11 per cent.; 
and 1 ton 12 to 13 per oent. sulphate of quinine.— 
Chemut and Dni.ggi»t. 
