278 THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [OcT. 2, 1893. 
Here there is an excellent indaetry literally abeggiog 
while the oottoa mannfaotura i« coogeeted an'i the 
building trade ia hampered by the high price of groacd 
in Bombay. Id fiareilly there are SRveral factorii^s fur 
bamboo fnrnitare owned by natives and doi"!; a 
thriving trade in the Nortb-West Provinoee. Tbcir 
worlc ia roogh in finish but is fairly good and cheap, 
but railway freights fix the limit to which they may 
he Bent in auy direction for sale and that limit is a 
very long wiy from £ombay. The pattern of chair 
moBt in UHO in our city and indeed, all over 
India came to the country long before the 
Mutiny. It is clumpy heavy and liaa arms 
tbat are always too high. It demandH at 
least twice the labour that would suflBce for 
a weli-deeigned chair, and its joiots are a hiding 
place forbad fitting. Such, however, is its peraistence 
as a type that it might fairly be accorded the hooonr 
of caste. It ia this obair tbat the bamboo article 
should replace, and if the man who first uodertdki-s 
the enterpriNe nnderstanda dt-sign, and is a fii iefaed 
craftsman in addition, be will i ever have cause to 
regret his venture. There is no lack of information 
available on the subject. A work entitled "Japanese 
Homes and their Surroundings " is largely devoted 
to illaetratiog the uses of bamboo among the Jupt- 
neee, and is full of valuable infurmation regarding the 
thousand and one uses to which tbe nioet ingenious 
people in the world apply this giant graes. France, 
Holland and England have now large factories for the 
pruduoliou of bamboo furniture, and Germany and Aus- 
tria are doubtless equally well provided. Euglaud also 
makes a specially designed claes of furniture for 
export, which by the aid of pitent fittings will 
dismount and puck in the sma'lutit compass. Bom- 
bay, both as a market for the raw material and for 
the rale and export of tbe finished article, ia excep- 
tionally well placed, and ,ve hope she will not long 
have to bear the rtproach of neglecting her oppor- 
tunities in a legitimate industry like tbis. It is a 
pity that the uses of the bamboo are not taught 
in any of the technical scboolA established in India 
by the Government. Its qualities, natnral his- 
tory, and applioatioQS are iguordd lu all official text 
books. Its t'^nxile and transverde strength are not 
published anywhere, and yet were all the U'seful, nay, 
valuable information regarding the bamboo put iu 
print, it would require a larger volume than the well- 
known KoorKee book of specifications. In neglecting 
tbe bamboo as we do we are letting one of the most 
valuable of oar raw products run to waste. — Ttmen of 
India, 
♦ 
LARGE INDUSTRIES IN THE MADRAS 
PRESIDENCY. 
From the return of industries of the Madras Pre*i- 
denoy during the jear 1892 we find that there were 
four bone-orashiog fdctories, oi;e in the Ooimbatore 
district, belonging to Messrs. Stanes & Co., whera 
126 tons of bone were cru-hed, valued at R3,70O ; 
the Bolur works iu South Canara, where 175 tons 
were crushed, valued at E9,108 ; and the Mimally 
works and Messrs. Arbuthnot & Co.'s works in 
the Malabar district. Of Coffee Works 31 have 
been returned, viz., 13 in the Madura district, 2 in 
Coimbatore, 5 iu South Oanara, and 10 in Malabar. 
Some of the works carry out in conjunction with 
coffeo-curing. ginijter and pepper-curing and cinchona- 
baling. Most of the works are oivned by European 
firms, the largest, taking tbe figures furnished by the 
firms, being Messrs. Volkart Brothers, at Telliohery, 
where 6,720,000 lb. of coflEee were cured, valued at 
K28,40,odO ; the other principal ones being Messrs. 
Fierce, Leslie & Oo.'s, at Telliclierry, wi h 3,552,0801b. 
valued at R8,21,202 ; in South Chu ,ra the Jeppo 
Coffee Works, with 2,755,2001b., Vi uid at 15,49,800; Ro- 
Inr Ooffee Works, with l,926.644lb. valued at R11,1S,141; 
and Messrs. Alston, Lo* & Co.'s at Maugalore with 
1,368,748 lb., valued at R9,77,680; the large increase 
IB the outtutu at all these faotories iu tbe South 
Canara district ia atated lo be the resalt of good coffee 
crops. Tbe Cofif^e Works of Mefsra. SUnnes i Co 
turned out 1, 384,^92 lb., valued at R9,27,OO0. Three 
new works belonging lo Natives were opfued during 
the year. The number <f peraona emplojed daily 
varied from 900 in the Jeppo Coffee Works to 15 
on a Native Eitabllehmeut in South Canara. The 
Cement Works of Messru. Arbnthnot 4: Co., at 
Midraa, manufactured 22,400 cwt., valued K44'800. 
182 persona find employmeit ia those workg daily, 
which is increased to 206 daily from January to Maroli. 
The»e inoludo tbe number of persona employed for 
lime burning and manufacturing tiles and brioka. 
Of cotton presjea and cotton weaving esttbl.abmeoto 
other than Alills, there were 51 in operation in the 
Pieaidenoy during the year, viz., 3 in Kistna, 2 iu 
Cud lappah. 4 in Ai.a:jtapur, 8 in Bellary, 2 in Tnohno- 
poly, 12 in Tionevelley, 11 iu Coimbatore, 6 in South 
Canari, 2 in M»lal<ar, and 1 iu Kistna. The largoat of 
tt ese 18 Messrs. Milligan & Oo.'a Preei, at Tut<corio, 
where 7,776,50U lb. of cotton, valued at H17.08.»O0, 
732,300 lt>. of ciiichona. valued at Rl, 83,075, and i OOO 
lb. t,f waste yar.i, valued at R560 wire preaaeil. Ne«l 
c meg the newly-starte J p esi of Messrs. Ralli and 
Brothers, where ts, 123,000 lb. of cotton were preasod 
VKlurd at Ri8,68,290. Of the other large pr«««e6 are 
MPKsrs. Voikarfs Unitid Press Company, Tutioorin, 
where cotton cleaning, pressing, and sblppiug were 
o«ried on. The rutturo was 7,5jO,000 lb., valued at 
RlS.dOO.iKlO Tnere has been a d crease in the wo'kibg 
of tbis pr'^aa owing to ihe fact of Meears. Ralli aud 
Brothers, who were pressing their outtoo at ibis Pr«>a«, 
liaviog started a presH of l heir own. The Fort Pr««s,' 
Tuticorio, bad an outturn of 2,l69.5tXlO lb. cotton' 
valued a- R4,90,207 ; 13,200 It), ol Se.uua. valued at 
R3,88a; 68 6.'i0 lb. fibre at at Rl3,730, and 1.^,600 lb 
CMllies at R2,247. The new Beiar Company iLimited), 
Tutic rin, prested 4,150,000 ih. cotton, valued at 
R9,06,099. Meagre. R. P. G 11 & Co.'a Cotton Press 
iu the Kistna dis'rict, gav.- an outturn of 3.396,800 
lb. valued at R7,«l,2l>4. A mill for preaning cotton 
with seeds at Mnngnla^iri in the Kintna di«triet, and 
owned by Narella Mangayya pressed 3,470,350 lb.. 
Valued at K1,8k,293. 
Of the 5 cotton presses 7 were newly opened during 
tbe year, of which the Tiuoevelly Cotton Press Com- 
pnny (Limited) was started in pi ce of the Tuiicoriu 
Cotton Press Company, which w*r abolishe.-< on 15th 
May 1892. Four pre^se3 in the Bellary district did 
no work during the year, as there was no cotton 
crop on acooui t of fai:nre of rain. Another preaa in 
Tnohini.poly, belonging to Messrs. Framji & Co., did 
not work during the year. The Tu'i-'orin Press Com- 
piny at Virndapatti ceabed to work early in the year 
1892. Nine presses are returnel as having been 
worked by steam-power. Of Flour Mill* one is re- 
turned, viz., the Government Bakery at Wellington, 
were 354 577 lb. was the outturn, valued at R27,701. 
There were three Ice Factories at work during' the 
year in the Presidency two in the town of Madras, the 
.«oufh Indian Ice Factory, abich n-Ptarttd during the 
1^'ar, and the Madras Ice Manufacturing Co., Limited, 
and the third, thn Maharajah's Ice Factory, in the 
Vizagapatam district. The Madras Ice Manufacturing 
Co. is a Joint Stock Company, with a capital of £15.000 
its outturn was 787 tons, valued at R43,049. The 
South Indi«n Ice Fa( tory had an outturn of 750 tons, 
valued at R37,500. and that of tbe Maharajah's Ice 
Factory 18 tons, valued at R2,509. There were 4,703 
Indigo Fdc'oriea acd vats in operat on during the 
year, viz.. seven factories, all in the Gaujam district, 
six in the Parlakemidi taluk, and one in Chicacole 
taluk, and 4,696 vits, 29 in Vizigapat'jm, 40 in 
Go^Hvari 872 in Kistna, 793 in Ne'ore, 1,050 in Cud- 
dapah. 236 in Aoantjpur, 11 in Biliary, 468 in 
Kun.ool, 349 in Chin?leput, 290 in North Arcot, 468 in 
South Arcot, 28 in Tanjore, 29 in Triohinopoly, and 
33 ia Salem. There were 6 iron and brass foundries 
working in 1892, one in the Godavari aistrict for 
the manufacture of sugar-cane mills where 33 miles 
were turned out, valued at B840, another iron shop 
in this district was closed during the year. Messrs. 
Massey & Co.'s iron works at Madras had an oat- 
turn of 7,892 owt., valaed at R69,060 the Irou Bmiu 
