Dec. 1, 1893.3 THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
B bent for instrumental work would do a good 
course of manual triining and the .study tf machi- 
nery. It would be a huge mistake t.i allow even 
manual training to oubt from their preeeut positions 
any of the really elementary subi'cta of oJucation. 
But Bs soDo as boys are able to pass a fa r test iu 
these they should bo free to speoializo for thg rest of 
their Bchooldajs. 
In the present d'y there ia a tendency on tbo part 
of medical men to forget the older remedies acd to 
be carried away by ao euthusiasm for new drugs. 
Frequently those who constantly employ the newer 
remedies find that they fail to produce the desiroj 
results, and are surprised, wlien the oldtr medicioei 
are resorted to, that resnl's are got which, if pio- 
duood by the newer drug, would load to enthusiastic 
praiEC. An instance of a dru;; which ia io danger 
of psssiog into oljscurity ia Cimpbor, on the vaiae 
of which the Therapeutics Gazette has a long diser- 
tati^n, noting the various cases in vshich it has 
been found most eflBcacious and almost invaluable. 
" We believe," says the Gazette, " that caa,phor is 
not sufficiently used " and the object of the paper 
is admitted to be " to inoreaso its general employ- 
men*." Indeed tha article referred to can bo read 
with benefit by onr new-drug doctors, snd will 
delight the heart of the so-called old-fashioned 
physician: 
The Inditn AQiiculturist has been treating exhaus- 
tively on the subject of "Hemp drugs and their 
uses." The narcotic products of the hemp plant ara 
briefly stated as follows: — 
1. Cliurrus the resin (named cann^bin) which is 
either collected off the leaves from which it is found 
exuding, or extracted by infusion or decoction in spirits 
of wine or either from the flowers and twigs. 
2. Ganja properly a preparation cf the flowers, 
but the ganja of commerce ooDsists of three varieties : 
—(1) the flat ganja said to be full of leaves ; (2) 
round ganja, earned from the form it takes in being 
rolled, and credited with stronger narcofic powere; (3) 
rora or choor, broken flowers and leaves, undoubteiiiy 
tho strongest in narcotic ptoperties, 
3. The leaves, which form a most importint article 
of trade are known under the different n»ms3 of 
" Bhiibg, fid'lhi, patii, and eubj ." The commonest pre- 
paration is ai follows : — 
The dried leaves are repeatedly washed to remove 
the green coloring matter, tliea pounded into a fioe 
piste with a few grains of aniseed, diluted with water 
fiud drunk as a refreshing draught. Pounded dry 
rose leaves, black pepper, roae wat'/r ard sugar may 
bo added according to taste. Another favourite form 
is an extract of Ihe resin from the leaves which are 
boiled in water with gbee. Tbe jelly so obtained is 
cooked with dessicated milk and sugar into a paste 
which on hardening is cut into smsU table's. The 
preparation is known as majv.n or majum. 
Churrus is sold in brownish black grains or masses. 
It is only used tor smoking mixed with tobacco and 
mola'Tses, and is frequently taken to whip up the 
(fl'tiota ot gacji, whicu ia aho nsel only tor iuCoxi- 
cation in the form of a smoke. 
The useful products of the hemp plant are its ex- 
cellent fibre, and the seed. The latter produces a bhi'id 
fi.xed oil, employed sometimes iu the adulteration 
of mustard oil, but also for burning in Hnif s, in wax- 
makiog and iu paints and verniehea ; while iho seeds 
themselTes may be ea'en, and are given to birds. 
THE NATURAL AND INDUSTRIAL 
RESOURCES OF INDIA. 
Sir Juland Dinvers' paper on this subject should 
be oaretally studied by all those interested in the 
progress of this country. Its agriculture and its ma- 
nulaolures have, only since the! asaumptiou if the 
Govetomeut by tho Oruwii, exhibited doveluprnt'Dt, 
but he die! not wish fo depreciate, io 8a)ini{ so. whnt 
)>id b^ttn done (01 both, by the late £is( lod.s, 
Company, who laboured for thirty years previously 
in tha same direction. That more success did not 
attend their pioneer efforts was not due to the absouoe 
of ea^acious energy or activity oa thgir part, bnt 
rather becausa modern iniprovomenls iu steam n»vi- 
Ratioo, and cheap and i-pcody iut-rcourse with ISurope 
were Banting, These have since placed Indian intucal 
products, her grainc, her seeds, her cotton, her late, 
her tea, her coffee, tobacco, silk and other tliiogg 
before capitalists at home, and have brought about 
tho advaucemeijt cf the last twenty-five years. The 
Suez Canal haj played no iuaiguificaut part iu this 
result. With that powerful factor ot civiKsition, he 
brackets the moral and intellectual progress of India 
and the greater secotity it ciijays iu good government 
end the policy iii:uigurated by the Eist India 
Company. Steam, electricity, machinery, capital, 
scienco, skill, energy and wise adtninistr" tiou have 
all contributed to tte result, and it would not be 
possible to differentiate the part each of thesa 
forces has exerted iu tho common cause where all 
were so intimately aiaociated and worked together. 
Speaking of the alarm which tha great increase of 
tie Indian populatiou occasions in some quarters, 
he adopted the sentimontF, and quoted the words 
of the Ittte CeLSus Commissioner who arrived at the 
following conclusions after mature deliberation and 
with a lirge acd recent experience, " that relatively 
to its m.ana of sab.^istenoa India is not over- 
peopled, that even in the favourable circumstances of 
the last ten years, the population has not increased 
in an undue proportion to those meaop, whihi tha 
rates of iocreasa ia its piooess of production and 
purchate indicate a general rise in the wellbeing of the 
community at large." 
In recent yo»rs more land has ccme under cultiva- 
tion and iriixation has been extended over vast areas. 
Agriculture has been dc"idedly improved though 
there is room for greater improvenioat. It is the 
preponderating industry of the country, as no less 
than 8'J per cent of the population ara sus- 
tained by it. Compared with this enormous par- 
centege, the 9 per cent that live on handicrafts 
and maDufactures are an iufisnificint factor and equa- 
ally so ii the amount of exporis credited to them, 
averaeing 14,300,000 rupees compared with a total 
aggregitiug 103,500,000 rupaes. 
It is not desirable that a great country should 
depend on one source of wealth. Agricultare will, 
no doubt, holJ its own, and continue to be the main 
indus'ry, but if bseidi s exporting her raw materials, 
India couli turn them to account in supplying her 
own and foreign markets with manufactured goods 
an important slop will be taken in promoting tha 
prosperity of the conn'ry. 
Among her agricultual products, Sir Juland 
Danvers no' iced tea, coffee, cinchona, tobacco, fibres, 
bamboo, timber, opium and indigo. Tea ho said ia 
now cultivated and manufactured on the slopes of the 
Himalayas, and on the hill traces of Southern India, 
occnpjiiig ;m area of no less than 1,000,''OJ acres 
and exporting aa much as 12'l,l49,4t)7 pounds of made 
t a in 1891, of which 111,109,000 went to Great 
Britain and considerable cojsignments tj Persia and 
Australia. He could remember the time when Indian 
tea was a curiosity lU home, Chins, enj ijioi; the 
monopoly of that product ant supplying 1 1G,(!87,870 
p muds in 1871. In twenty jear?, this quantity 
dwindled to 67,256,263 pounds with a tendsncy to fall 
lower still year by year since. This shows what can 
be done by energy, into lixeuce, and the outlay of 
British capital properly directed. 
tjainiue is another prjduct, ha slid, which had been 
fuocessfully introduced and ( stablished in India. Ulr, 
Markhani in 1S58 was depute 1 to South America to 
collect cinchona seeds auef plaits from the forests of 
the Andes. The attempts were unaucccesful at first, 
the plants were injured by travel and arrived in a 
dyin>; state, but sntjseqnently seed wero gatboro 1, and 
witli per;everunco wero got fo genuins'o cn tba 
Nilgirip, where aevoml llonrifliinf! Government plan. 
taiioiia now e.\t»t where the drug is produced iu grca^ 
purity aud abuuduace^ 
