Jan. I, 1894 ] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
449 
Ckmificatlon of Blanurcs. 
Manures may be divided into two groups : 1st, 
those in which the valuable ingredients are ac- 
companied by so much water, organic matter 
or earthy substances that they can only be 
economically applied on land situated near to 
the place where the manure is produced. Farm- 
yard manure, town refuse and compost manure 
furnish examples of this group ; secondly, there are 
the manures of commerce, in which the elements 
of plant food are in a concentrated form, and 
which may Ijb economically carried long dis- 
tances to the place of application. 
Catttc Manure. 
Two samples of Ceylon-made cattle nuxnure 
sent to the author in 1881 gave upon analysis the 
following results: — No. 1 is the analysis of cattle 
manure from cattle fed upon coconut poonac and 
guinea grass, the bedding being mana grass ; No. 2 
is the analysis of manuie from cattle fed upon 
guinea grass only, the bedding being mana grass. 
No. 1 
No. 2 
per cent 
per cent. 
Moisture expelled at 212 0 F. ... 
80-487 
74-674 
Organic matter and combined 
water 
14-442 
19-877 
Ash 
(5-071) 
(6-149) 
Insoluble Silica 
1-805 
1-664 
Soluble Silica 
-209 
•193 
Oxide of Iron, Alumina and 
Phosphates 
■560 
-430 
Lime 
-497 
-717 
Magnesia 
•067 
-171 
Totash ... 
'951 
1-068 
Chloride of Sodium and Soda ... 
•575 
-827 
Sulphuric Acid 
-159 
-217 
Carbonic Acid and loss 
•239 
-862 
100-000 
100-000 
Nitrogen 
•446 
-644 
Phosphoric Acid 
•250 
092 
The most striking feature in these analyses is 
the fact that, of the four chief manurial in- 
gredients, vi/. , nitrogen, phosphoric acid, lime, 
and potash, the most abundant is potash, \\ liich 
averagtis fully 18 per cent of the manure ash. 
The proporti(ju of potash is mucli higher than 
in WoUrs often-fjuoted analyses of farmyard 
manure given further on ; indeed, it is twice as 
great. Analyses of the ashes of mana grass, 
guinea grass, and coconut poonac, separately, 
would be desirable to ascertain the proportior 
of potash and other ingredients derived from 
each of these sources. The jiercentage of potash 
in the manure from cattle fed on guinea grass 
only is slightly higher than in tlie other, 
when calcnhited upon the weight of the manure 
as it stands, but if calculated upon the weight of 
the ash of the manure, it is slightly higher 
in tliat from cattle fed upon both poonac and 
guinea grass, the latter, i.,e,, No. I, has a very 
decided advantage in respect of phosphoric acid. 
1 should scarcely have expected to find No. 2 
richer in nitrogen than No. l,yet such was the 
fact, and although, in the case of a substance so 
ditiicult to sam[>le, from its want of homo<'enity, 
as cattle manure is, it would be desir;U)le to 
confirm this result by other analyses, the 
superiority in respect of nitrogen of No. 2 
was borne out by an.alyses I made of dung 
• Seenote on Potftah in Cattle Manure in Appendix. 
sent to me from cattle fed on coconut poonac 
and guinea grass (No. 3), and of dung from cattle 
fed on guinea grass only, in which the latter 
proved richer in nitrogen (No. 4). 
Analijscs of Cattle Dung. 
No. 3 
No. 4 
per cent. 
per cent. 
Moisture ex])elled at 21'2° F. . . 
75-186 
73-500 
Organic nuxtter and combined 
water 
21-195 
20-253 
Ash 
(3^6]9) 
(6-247) 
Insoluble Silica .. .. 
2^221 
3 667 
Soluble Silica . . . . 
•159 
•328 
Oxide of Iron, Alumina and 
Phosphates 
•438 
•499 
Lime 
•464 
1-0.37 
Magnesia 
•086 
•078 
Potash .. 
•091 
•21.3 
Chloride of Sodium and Soda 
•043 
•076 
Sulphuric Acid 
•078 
•112 
Carlwnic Acid and loss 
-039 
•237 
100-000 
100^000 
•392 
•529 
Nitrogen 
Phosplujric Acid . . 
•174 
•139 
Then again we notice that in the dung from 
cattle fed both upon poonac and guinea grass, 
although the percentage of ash is much lower 
yet the phosphoric acid is higher than in the 
dung from cattle fed on guinea grass only. 
The com|>osition of Cattle Manures Nos. 1 and 
2 may be compared with the following analyses 
l)y Professor Wolfl" of farmyard manure fresh and 
well-rotted : — 
Anali/ses of Farmyard Manure. ("WOLF.) 
Water.. 
♦Organic matter 
i Ash 
i Containing 
Potash 
Soda 
Lime ... 
^lagnesia 
Phosphoric Acid ... 
Sulphuric Acid ... 
Chlorine 
Silica 
■ Containing Nitrogen 
Equal to Ammonia 
An analysis of Ceylon Citronella grass view-ed 
as a manure will be found at page 369. 
The following are some examples of Ceylon 
compost manures sent to the author for analysis : — 
Analysis of Compost Manures. 
71- 
79-0 
24^6 
14-5 
4-4 
6-5 
100-0 
100-00 
•52 
-50 
-15 
-13 
-57 
-88 
-14 
•18 
-21 
•30 
-12 
•13 
-15 
.16 
1-25 
1-70 
-45 
-58 
-54 
-70 
Moisture 
Organic matter 
Mineral matter 
Nitrogen ... ... 
Equal to Ammonia 
Containing 
Sand 
Oxide of Iron and Alumina 
Salts of Lime, Magnesia and 
Alkalies 
No. 1 
|j e rcent 
No. 2 
per cent. 
17-04 
24-01 
58-95 
15-46 
28-12 
5G-42 
100-00 
10000 
101 
1-23 
-9!» 
1-20 
40-40 
5-65 
36-54 
7-65 
12-90 
l-J-23 
