)an. 1, 1894.] tiiE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
45? 
at Putukkudiylituppu it was said that the groimd 
being very hard Utc- reverse was the case. 
Gingelly is cultivated in jmttukkadu immediately 
after the kurakkan or varaku is reaped, and seldom or 
never in pulavus. People sometimes sow gingelly on 
lands cleared for kurakkan or varaku which may 
not have been cultivated. It yields if there are 
good rains 90 to 100 fold, but generally from 10 
to 30 fold. 
I find the following statements in Mr. Flanderka's 
diaiy. 
1, 1 seer of gingelly, 6 of kurakkan, 8 or 9 varaku. 
10 orl2 of paddy, require the same extent of ground, (a) 
2, One man can sow an extent of ground in a 
day which requires 10 to 15 marakkals of paddy(?') 
12 seers of varaku, 8 of kurakkan and 2 of gingelly. 
3, The hire of an acre for jimgle cultivation for one 
season is for pulavu cultivation 3 marakkals grain ; 
for putulikadu cultivation 4 marakkals grain (e) 
To which may be added an extract from Mr. Dyke's 
Dittry(rf) as to the capacities of paddy and dry grain as 
food, and the reason why the latter is so popular. 
The following statement was given to me but I 
do not feel confident of its correctness. 
Paddy, 00 parrahs ; paddy and dry grain- 
paddy, 45; dry grain, 3!?'23. 
The dry grain therefore is shewn to go much 
favtber ^an paddy. Persons of the lower orders 
do not like to live exclusively on either. Dry grain 
is considered a stronger, more stimulating food, and 
as such in certain proportions desired by the 
labouring man. Above that proportion, however, it 
is heating and unwholesome. 
As to the yield of the principal dry grains it was 
stated to Mr. Tiirnour in 1807 that kurakkan gave 
§5 fold in Mulliyavalai, from 30 to 40 fold in 
Tunukkay, and from 150 to 200 fold in Kavikkadu- 
mulai south, and that varaku yielded GO to 70 fold 
(Mulliyavalai). 
As the extent of land cultivated with dry grain 
is fluctuating and, as it were, accidental, it affords 
no criterion of the prosperity of the inhabitants, and 
it is therefore unnecessary to give any comparative 
statement shewing how it has varied at different 
periods, (e) 
FARMING IN THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS. 
An ex-Ceylon Planter, now a farmer, writes 
from Aberdeenshire under date 14'.h Nov. — 
" Surely this has been the record year for Scot- 
land in the way of weather, for here we are in the 
middle of November, half our ploughing done, 
hall our turnips stored, and lovely mild calm 
weather overhead. I hope this sort o£ weather 
has oome to stay with ub 1 " 
^ 
SALE OF A TEA ESTATE TO THE 
SYLIIET COMFAJ^Y. 
The price paid by the Sylhet Company to Mr, 
Haunam for Warwick estate. New Galway District, 
is £8,250. The extent planted is 214 acres with Iq 
acres reserve. A large bucgalow built by Mr. 
Dingwall was included in the sale. Mr. A. F. "White 
continues in charge of the estate. The Company 
have also purchased New Cornwall estate and there 
was a rumour that they might try to go in for the 
whole valley or district. 
a 29fli .Vugust 181S. 
/) This is rather a high estimate, it is not usually 
more tbau 8. 
I- 9tb October 1849. 
d Diary of 2ud November 1848, a parrali may bo 
taken to be J of a busbol. 
e A sufficient idi^a may bo fonnod of this l>v refeiTing 
to the table of drv grain tithe appcudcd to the 
sU»pt,ei: uu the Uiiiiii Ktvcum;. 
THE CALIPOENIAN EXHIBITION OF 1894: 
" A CEYLON TEA COURT" PRIVATELY AB- 
RANGED FOR. 
WHAT ABE THE GOVERNMENT AND 
PLANTERS TO DO ? 
We have already alluded to the Californian 
Exposition to be opened at San Francisco 
in January 1894, and the splendid opportunity 
it -will afford for making our tea and other 
produce known in perhaps the richest State in 
the whole of the great North American 
Republic. Most fortunately for Ceylon, a 
representative Court and more especially of 
our teas, has already been arranged for by 
private enterprise without, so far, costing a 
rupee to the Colony ! On the contrary, the 
Commissioner to Chicago has made money 
out of the Californian Exhibition by selling or 
leasing one of his Courts and insisting on cash 
payments from the intending exhibitors of 
a Ceylon representation. This seems rather 
hard treatment of gentlemen who, running 
considerable risk, must benefit the tea in- 
dustry of Ceylon, however little profit, even 
if none at all, they make for themselves. 
The mainstay of this enterprise in providing 
a Ceylon Court and special Show of Ceylon 
Teas at San Francisco is a Mr. Foster (long 
engaged in the Japanese Tea Trade in Cali- 
fornia) and his colleague and co-adjator — 
who very much prompted Mr. Foster to 
this movement — is Mr, T. A. Cockburn 
(the " T. A. C." Correspondent of the 
Ubserver,) who has had much experience as 
planter in this island and who is esteemed by 
all who know him. Messrs. Foster and 
Cockburn are to show and sell none but pure 
Ceylon teas ; they have incurred a heavy 
initial expense and tbey risk a great deal 
more. We, therefore, consider that they deserve 
the cordial good wishes and the support as fat 
as possible, of every tea planter in the island. 
Mr. E, V. Webster in the letter we published 
the other day, thought it a " monstrous " 
thing that Messrs. Foster and Cockburn should 
have to pay E480 a month for the use of one 
of the Ceylon Court structures lent by Mr. 
Grinlinton and he suggests that the Court 
should be lent to them free for the six months 
of the Californian Exhibition. This would 
seem certainly a very moderate concession and 
if the entire cost of the Ceylon-Chicago Show 
turns out to be well within the funds col- 
lected up to the end of this year, we think 
the Planters' Association might well move the 
Government to remit this rent on a satisfactory 
assurance being obtained that the Ceylon 
Court in the Californian Exhibition had been 
properly started and that none but pure 
Ceylon teas were shown therein. 
But we go further, and so strong is out 
opinion of the splendid field for our teas 
opened up in California that we should press 
on the Planters', and Tea Fund, Committee to 
do everything in their power to countenance 
and promote this attempt to make the Ceylon 
Court a distinctive feature of the Californian 
Exhibition. Mr. Cockburn deserves exceed- 
ingly well of bis brother-planters for the good 
Yfvrk be baa Already doae ftt Cbio^S^t ftO<2 
