MARcri t, 1894.1 tlili TkOPidAL ACRiCULttTRtSt. 6rr 
flues for cleauiDg purposes is well provided for, and 
may be had from either of three aides — a door being 
placed at the ends and on one side. A door is also 
placed at the baae of the chimney for clfaniug the 
main flue. The other particulars of the boiler are a 
double Bet of water gauges, and a double set of 
sifety valves — a dead weight safety valve and a 
lever safety valve. This is aa arraugement for 
Bafety, for should any one of these from any cause 
cease to act the others would be quite equal to all 
emergenoio?, and work might proceed as it nothing had 
happened. 
One of the neatest as well aa 
PBETTIEST PIECES OP MECHANICAL WOKKMAHaHIP 
in connection with the ins'^allation and plnced 
in the engine room, is a self-acting duplex pump, 
made by the famous pump-makers, J. H. Oartu- 
thers & Co. of Glasgow. In appearance it is a 
mere toy, but so effective that, Mr. White informed 
us, it is quite capable of supplyiog a boiler double 
the (lize of the Galaba one. Tbe pump is worked inde. 
pendently of the engine, and may be started in the 
morning and set at a slower or faster speed to suit 
the requirement of the boiler, and then there is no 
need for more attention during the whole day. Is 
a country where no reliance can be placed on native 
labour the advantage of thia pump is obvious. 
A neat arrangement in conneotioD with the pump in 
tbe feed tank. A pipe conducts water from tbe tarbine 
which alEO may be regulated to supply the 
pump accordin? to need. The tank is iu two 
compartmeotB one receiving the water, and overflowing 
into the otber from which the pump draws it. The 
tank is (imply of concrete sunk in tbe floor, with 
connected drains below for cleaning purposes, and 
running into a drain, also used when empty- 
ing or cleaning the boiler. Tbe pump works 
beautifully, forces tbe water through a vertical heater, 
and then the feed pipe from the heater to tbe boiler 
is carried along the main steam pipe thus helping 
to keep up or increase the temperature of the water 
before it passes into the boiler. The pipe ooq- 
neotions between the boiler and the engine have been 
ingeniously arranged by Mr. White to relieve the 
Btrain by expansion and contraction, upon the joints, 
and a main cause of trouble from le»ky oon- 
ueotioDS will tVereby be prevented. Tlie exhaust 
8te»m isusp'd for this heater which means a saving of 
fuel. It stands about 8 feet in he ght, is circular, and 
about two feet six inches in diameter. Passing on to 
the engine and its otber oonnections, the first object 
that strikes a visitor is tbe 
ENORMOUS FLY WHEBI^, WEIGHING OVER THREE TONS, 
and above eleven feet in diameter. This fly 
wheel also acts as driving wheel, being wide 
enough to take on two belts, to run on a double 
ground faced puUy, six feet in diameter, and twenty 
inches wide. I he engii e is of 80 borse power, 
lies on tbe basement of the building, and works the 
belting at the easy angle of about 45 degrees, on the 
pully connected with themein sh»ftiDgon the second 
floor. In thosameroom is the tnrbine,of 40 horse power, 
and fitted with Lord Kelvin's patent suction pipes. Its 
connected shaft rues parallel with the main one, ao that 
either the turbine or the engine may work singly or 
work in harmony according to necessity, but either 
will drive tbe machinery. This duplicating of the 
driving power is absolutely necessary in view of the 
contingency of possible accident to either engine or 
tarbine. It would indeed be a eerious matter to have 
the factory cease work for even a day, when it is 
understood that in the busy seaeou as much as be- 
tween 
25,000 AND 80,000 LB. TEA LEAF 
are brought into the laotcry ! The new boiler and 
engine is, therefore, simply a paid up policy of insur- 
ance against the less that would resoU from want of 
water in the dry season, or the breakdown of the 
tQtbine, an example which smaller factories have 
wifely not overlooked, 
The end of the ebaftiug protrudes through a most 
iubstantittlly built stone wall separating the lactory 
liQU tbe tDgiue ftod boiler housti, ttvkiog ou tho 
pulley wnich is strongly supported by two massive 
wrought iron brackets, one of them lying at an angle 
similar to tbe belt, thus being in the line of the 
greatest strain. There will be a platform round these 
brackets to give free access to the bearings for oiling 
purposes. 'I'be crank shaft of the engine is enp- 
ported on one side in a recess in the masonry hnd 
to tbe shaft is attached double linked leather belts 
for driving the governor. While looking on, various 
tests were made by taking off and putting on 
machinery to ascertain the effect on the speed of 
the engine, but the 
SENSITIVENESS OF THE GOVERNOR 
at once checked and regulated the steam so well that 
no perceptible difference in the speed of the engine 
showed whether the machinery was being driven or 
not. Anollier feature of the engine is the length of 
the pistou-rod, which is extended back beyond the 
cylinder, in a brass covering. This arrangement be- 
sides supporting the piston block iu the cylinder, 
makes it poEsible, were it necessary, by takinif away 
the oovir, to attach a condenser to the engine. A self- 
oiling a-rangement, worked by steam, is also attached 
to the cylinder. Iu almost every retpect means have 
bten devised whereby the engine may do mechanically 
everything necessary for the most effective and easy 
runnini}, with only the attention of the manager or his 
assistant given to it, to see that all is riijht, say 
when starting in the morning. The relief from aaxiety 
to those in charge of the factory by means of these 
machine contrivances may be understood, which will 
undoubtedly le-ict moat beneficially ou the other 
work of the factory. 
The engine has a solid concrete bed, five feet deep 
in the ground, and three leet above. Consequently 
tbe vibration was nil, ani as to the smoothness of 
the working of the engine, as we remarked to Mr. 
White, the engineer in charge, less sound was made 
than that occasioned by the tick of a common clock ! ! 
Thia not only speaks for the manufacturers, but also 
for the fitting engineers, who carried out the iostalla= 
tion — Mr. H. li. Porter, the representative at Kandy 
of Messrs. Walter, Sons it Co., and his assistant, 
Mr. Jas. White. Both hail from the "Land o' 
Oakes," the latter from the Clyde, and along with the 
hearty, albeit canny, manager, iVlr Hall, and " oorsel's," 
we had a real Scotch gathering, Toe excellence 
and bandiness of all tbe arrangements, not only of 
the motive powers, but of all in connection with the 
factory were almost apparent on eotering on an 
inspection of the p!ac«. 
No one but those who have seen the present- 
day process of the manufacture of Tea in Ceylon 
can have any idea as to what a high state of efficiency 
the art of tea-making has attained. In younger 
days our only conception of tea-making was a bland 
Chinaman with a long pigtail hanging down his 
back, rolling the leaf between his hands, as he sat in 
the sun — we were not sure whether for his own 
comfort or the drying of the tea, but it appeared a 
jolly process. The halo about these Chinese pictures 
bad perhaps more effect iu disseminating a thirst 
for knowledge regarding the taste of tea than per- 
haps we practical peop e of the present time would 
credit. The oldest of usarejust grown-up children, 
and a picture, however crude, if striking and peculiar, 
has a power of attracting attention and impres- 
sing its feature upon the mind, especially when 
often met, tliat cannot but convey sensations which 
will operate through our life. And we believe tliat 
such was the case with China tea The impressions 
caused by means of Chinese characters and pictures, 
even continued to these matter of fact daj-s, will 
not easily bo eradicated from the mind witli all 
the hard logic of the superiority of Ceylon and 
Indian tea. One of our first impressions on seeing 
a chest of the 
IHCIULY PRAISED CE\-L0N TEA 
was that there w.ts something about the bare 
wooden boxes, that betokened a dubious origin, and 
a lack of Oriental romance that almost crushed 
every prepossession iu its favour. No doubt the 
ftim Qf thu Gcylou f lanUi' is pra«ti«t)il bvucst, traa$ 
