March i, 1894.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 613 
to be Btt«c^ea to the torbine pipe and allowed to do 
its work the water runninK into the draine and pass- 
inK out through the main into the river. 
There are 
TWO OF MICHIES ROLL-SIFTEBS, 
Which all hough old-faeh.oned, do their work 'ery well, 
and Mr. Hall seemed quite at'aohed to them After 
senarating the rolled leaf from the inBufficiently 
rolled, the latter going- through the rollers again, it 
la pot on fermentinK tables, each about 50 feet long, 
made of No. 4 galvanized weaving. Thisplan allows the 
°ir to circulate about the leaf which tends to keep 
'*Fro°m the fermenting tables the next step brings 
ne to the 
FIRING DEIEB9. 
There are five of these machines, allJackson's " Vic- 
toria "—four of A. size and one B. size. Two of A. 
size were working on the occasion ot our visit. There 
wag nothing worthy of special note about these machines. 
They were ranged in line on one side of the building. 
We next moved on to the sifting room which is 
narlitioned off from the rest of the machinery. The 
nartition is well filled with glass so that stand- 
ing at the top end of the building, one has a 
complete view of the tea-making machinery of the 
factory almost at a glance. In the sifting room, two of 
.IACRSON'B " EUREKA " SIFrEHS 
were working and an " Invincible " tea-catter by the 
same inventor. These machines are worked, as we 
have said, from oounter-Bhafting, along with two fans 
for drawing the bloom coming off the sifting tea out 
of the room. There are half-a-dozen grades or more 
of tea sorted by each of these macliiaeo, which have 
Bimply' to be carried in cheats to the weighing machine, 
placed a short distance from the door of the sifting 
room and then soldered in sheet lead and the chest 
lid nailed od, and bound witli the usual wire binding. 
The cooly in charge of the soldering has a small 
forae for heating his irons, and the usual shapes for 
forming the lead-lining of the chestB, half-chests, 
Quatter cheBt^ down even to one or two pound 
oacketa Two other cooliea were busily nailing the 
boxes and preparing them for transport to Colombo 
by train. About a dozen carpenters altogether are 
kept employed making the tea chests, &o., for the 
factory, . ^. 
After finiBhing the factory inspection, the next in- 
teresting matter was the formation of the 
WEIR FOR CAERYISa THE WAl'ER TO THE TURBINE. 
A great part of the weir which is nearly 250 yards 
long is built of solid concrete, six or seven feet high. 
The" entrance runs right across the river, trapping 
all the water in the dry season, but in time of flood 
it of course, is over-flowed. This would have been 
a most expensive work, and an engineering triumph 
into the bargain. „ ^ . ,3 
Our inapeotion of GaUha Tea Factory has revealed 
perfect arrangement in every detail, and we caunol 
pass a higher or weightier opinion than that expressed 
by Mr Rutherford of Mariawatte, when he said 
that any other factory he new of was not to be 
compared with it. Both Uf. Hall, the manager, and 
Messrs Strachar, the proprietors, are to be congratu- 
ated on their model lactory, and the deaigner, Mr. 
H. R. Porter, of Messrs. Walker, Sons & Co., Kandy, 
sh»res the honour. x , ^ t 
Mr Hall informed nsthat last season— July to .June 
—1893-94, be made 1,200,000 lb. tea. The most green 
l»af taken into the factory in a day was 27,000 lb. 
•nd he expects in the coming season that the 
greatest intake will exceed 30.0001b. The capacity 
of the machinery now in the factory is about 1,.500.000, 
but by working a few extra hours Mr. Hall thinks 
he could overtake the manufaotnro of 2,000,000 lb 
of made tea per annum. The f lotoryis independent and 
not ran in connection with any smgle estate, tea being 
made for a dozen neighbouring < state?, and purchased 
for manufacture from 25 to :W different n Uive sroweis. 
In connection with the Goiu-akellie Group of estatoj, 
belonging to the Messrs. Suachan, iho tea . f which 
in roauufactnred at the G alalia Factor?, a now tram- 
way lino for catrying th«; plucked leaf from the «fltate 
to the roadway has just been decided upon. This 
tramway will be about a milf or more in length, and 
will cosb about R15,000, This will be of great »d- 
vantnge and saving for cooliea have had to bring 
kaf for the factory across a most precipitous valley 
to the roadway. Messro. Straoban are to be compli- 
mented on this further evi 'ence of their enterprise, 
Mes.srs. Walker, Sons & Oo., Kandy, are also the 
succfseful contractors for this work. This brarch of 
the firm, we understand, is extremely busy at present, 
and have work on hand for over a dozen difierent 
estates, entailing work of installing new engines and 
boilers to erecting entirely new factories. A factory 
based on the latest or most modern arrangements 
equal in size to Gal.iha factory has been secured 
in India. We were kindly taken over their commodious 
workshops at Kandy by their energetic and hospitable 
asti'tant Mr. White, and everything there betokened 
good management, and the determination to keep np 
with the most recent requirements und improvementi 
of every branch of their varied busines?, Mr. Porter, 
their kindly, but practical manager, was litertUy 
" up to his eyes" in work, but amidst it all we 
had a hearty welcome from him. 
THE NEW BOOK ON TEA. 
We have to acknowledge the receipt from the 
Secretary to the Indian Tea Assooiation of a first 
copy, for review, of what is to be widely known 
as Bamber's Text-book on the Chemistry and 
Agriculture of Tea. It is published nnder the 
auspices of the Indian Tea Association and there 
oan be no doubt of the immense servioe wbioh 
that body has thereby rendered to the important 
industry they represent. The Planters' AsBooiation 
of Oeylon, we cot sider, should lose no time in 
utilising the services of Messrs. E. E. Green, M. 
Ooohran and other soientists available locally, for 
investigation and compilation towards the publica- 
tion under their auspices of a Text-book for Ceylon 
in respect of departments in which there is evident 
deficiency. Meantime, pending our full notice of the 
Indian volume, we cannot help at once quoting 
the full "title" and "contents" of the same : — 
A Text Book on the Chemistry and Agriculture of 
Tea including the Growth and Manufacture, by 
M. Kelway Bamber, m.r.a.c, .m.r.a.s.. Eng., f.c.s. 
Member of the Society of Arts, London, late Chemist 
to the Indian Tea Association. Calcutta. 
Chapter I. — History of the Tea Plant, Origin of 
Tea Culture in India, Discovery of Tea in India 
Physiological Botany, the Tea plant and its varieties. 
Origin of Hybrids. 
Chapter II.— The Formation of Soils and their 
Chemical and Physical Properties, Tea soils of 
China and Japan, Tea soils of Assam, A'c. 
Chapter III. — Manures and Manuring, Experi- 
ments in Chittagong, Experiments in Assam, Object 
of MauHring, Coinpositiou of the Ash of Tea Wood 
and Leaves, Composition of Manures, Oil-cakes, &c., 
Bheel soil, Cattle Manure, Bono Manures, Guanos, 
Mineral Manures. 
Chapter FV. — Plant Constituents, Mineral and 
Organic Nutrition of Plants, Germination, Proximate, 
Constituents of Tea, Chemistry of Tea. 
Chapter V. — Cultivation, Light {.landi/) soils 
Heavy (clai/eii) soils. Drainage, Clearing, I^urseries, 
Filling in vacancies. Seed Garden. 
Chapter VI. — Pruning, Plucking in China, Pluck- 
ing in Japan, Plucking in Assam (India). 
Chapter VII, — Manufacture in China, Manufacture 
in India, Withering, Rolling, Oxidation, Firing or 
Drying, Re-firing and Packing. 
C HAPTER VIII. — Insect Blights, Coleoptera Beetles, 
Heterocera Motha, Mosquito Blight, Green Fly, 
Rod Spider, White Ants, Fungoids, cVc, Appendices. 
The Appendices are as follows : — 
1. — Aimlysis of Ceylou Tea, 1880, by Mr. Dunn, 
and 15 sariiples of Indian Teas by J. 0. Nowbery. 
2, — Extract of Dr. Diver's paper on tho Chomi^try 
