Mav I, 1894.] 
THE TROPICAL ACtRICULTURIST, 
727 
CEYLON MANUAL OF CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 
A HANDBOOK OF ANALYSES CONNECTED WITH THE INDUSTRIES AND PUBLIC HEALTH OF CEYLON 
FOR PLANTERS, COMMERCIAL MEN, AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS, AND MEMBERS OF LOCAL BOARDS. 
By M. COCHRAN, m.a., f.c.s. 
(Continued from page 661.^ 
CHAPTER XI. 
MILK. 
Colombo milk supply— composition of genuine cow's milk— exajiples of milk supplied 
by colombo milk-vendors— condensed mliks— coconut " milk " — buffalo milk— milk 
OF THE GAMOOSE OR EGYPTIAN BUFFALO, AND OF THE HUNGARIAN BUFFALO— ELEPHANT'S 
MILK— MILK OF VARIOUS ANIMALS —BUTTER AND GHEE. 
In Colombo cow milk is so generally adulterated with water by the vendors that it is only 
by the exercise of iiiic -.i-ing vigilance that the householder can obtain a pure supply from day 
to day. Besides being adulterated with water, cow milk is also mixed with bnftalo milk, and 
at times with coconut milk. The usual remedy for this state of things, viz., causing inspectors to 
take samples of the milk supply and forward them to the City Analyst for analysis as a basis 
on which to prosecute offenders has not been resorted to in Colombo. Government has, in con- 
sequence, been obliged to become its own piovider of milk for its hospitals and asylums, while 
the interests of the general public still remain without safeguard. 
The following is the composition of eight samples of Colombo cow milk believed to be genuine : — 
Analyses of Colombo Genuine C&w Milk. 
No. 1. 
No. 2. 
No. 3. 
No. 4. 
No. 5. 
No. 6. iNo. 7. 
No. 8. 
Average 
Temperature 
'Specific gra\'ity... 
30 c C. 
29 c C. 
290 c. 
290 c. 
29 «C. 
28 - C. 
28-5°C. 
290 c. 
29° C. 
1-029 
1-030 
1-032 
1-033 
1-036 
1-0.32 
1-030 
1-028 
1-031 
per cent 
per cent 
per cent 
per cent 
per cent 
per cent 
per ct. 
per ct. 
per cent. 
Fat ... 
2-97 
2-11 
5-57 
3-62 
1-51 
4-55 
4-36 
5-09 
3-723 
Sugar and Casein 
7-49 
7-73 
8-66 
8-66 
^■66 
8-95 
8-15 
9-04 
8-417 
Salts 
■60 
■76 
-77 
•80 
■80 
-73 
-71 
-67 
-730 
Total Solids 
11-06 
10-60 
15-00 
1308 
10-97 
14-23 
13-22 
14-80 
12-87 
Water 
88-94 
89 4 
85-00 
86-92 
89-03 
85-77 
86-78 
85-20 
87-13 
Solids not fat 
8-09 
8-49 
9-43 
9-46 
9-46 
9-68 
8-86 
9-71 
9-147 
Age of Calf 
4 months 
7 months 
1 month 
4 months 
2 months 
4 months 
[ grass. 
grass, cot- 
ton seed, 
grass and 
grass, cot- grass, cot- 
grass only 
Food of Cow ... 
J cotton 
poonac. 
ton seed, 
ton seed, 
j seed, 
boiled 
poonac & 
poonac. 
vpoonac. 
rice. 
rice. 
* See note on specific gravity in Appendix. 
In parallel columns I give the average analyses of cow milk according to Dr. Hassall, based, he 
says, on all the reliable analyses he had met with (1876) ; also the average analyses according to Dr. 
Vieth of 11,389 samjdes of the milk examined in the laboratory of the Aylesbury Dairy Company 
during 1885; also the average of 13,196 samples examined in the laboratory of the .same dairy 
in 1892 under Dr. Vieth's successor Mr. H. Droop Richmond ; also the average analysis according 
to Dr. Bell, Principal of the Somerset House Laboratory of about 240 samples of milk from 
cows, in each case milked in the presence of a responsible person. 
Average Composition of Cow Milk in England, and in Ceylon. 
t Ceireral average 
acdording to 
1 Hassall. 
Average of 
11,389 samples. 
Vieth. 
Average of 
13,196 samples. 
H. T). Richmond. 
Average of 
8 samples. 
Colombo genuine 
cow milk. 
Specific gravity 
10322 
1^0;J2G 
I 0297 
10312 
per ct- 
iiper cent 
per cent 
per cent 
per ^ent 
Fat . . 
3-93 
M,3-93 
3-91 
4-12 
S-72 
Sugar and Casein 
8-6C 
• 
8-42 
Salts .. 
•67 
-72 
•73 
Total Solids ,. 
13-17 
1 lV-06 
12r71 
13'32 
12-87 
Water 
i86r83 
86-94 
871-29 
86-78 
87-13 
Solids not fat . . 
r9'33 
918 
8-80 
9 01 
9-15 
• Not determined. 
The average analysis of tliese eiglit samples of Colombo milk diSPSnot differ nlBfaBrlally from the 
avcriiL;e i-vmiiiii-iitioii of milk in England, more especially in I he njattcr of total .solids, noii-latty 
solids." and ^all.s, which are the most important ingredients to ttikt tu-vortnt of \vi>en judging of 
