JuLV 2, 1894.] THE TROPICAL ARICULTURIST. 
45 
in a paper in Nature by E. P, Bamber. It is 
satisfactory to learn that this efficienoy is 
not so low as Mr. Bamber asserted, for the 
figures you printed were undoubtedly his ; 
and as the subject is of importance, it is worth 
while to oompare them with the figures now fur- 
nished by "J. S. S." Mr. Bamber was understood 
to say that " a turbine directly employed, trans, 
mits 60 per cent of the energy of the head of water, 
and that any intervening electrical motors would 
cause a still further loss of nearly half of this 
energy." But according to your correspondent " a 
good turbine will go up to over 80 per cent, a 
good dynamo to 90 per cent., a good motor to over 
90 per cent resulting in a net efficiency of over 
58 per cent..' Surely in this calculation "J.S.S." 
has omitted to deduot the 10 per cent he had 
allowed for loss in the wire. I take it also that 
by " friction " Mr. Bamber was referring to the 
bearings, &c,, of the Eeveral intervening machines, 
and not to loss of eleotricity in the wires. If I 
rightly understand " J.S.S.," therefore, he claims 
a total net tfficienoy of 48 per cent of the fall's 
energy against Mr. Bamber's " over half of 60 per 
cent" or, say 35 per cent. The disorepanoy is not 
very large and, as " J.S.S." remarks, its import- 
ance vanishes altogether '•' where the original power 
oost9 nothing," It becomes, however, of high 
importance where the original power has to be 
generated by the consumption of fuel. This question 
of Eleotrioal Transmission of Power to Tea Factories 
is far from being dismissed, and I think " J.S.S." 
should use the knowledge he possesses to urge its 
adoption first in some district affording tempting 
facilities for suoh a plant, to his own advantage 
as well as that of the planting districts, many 
of which would doubtless soon follow the lead 
thus made. — 1 am, yours truly, 
ONE INTEKE8TED. 
" IBEA " AND " SMALL CAPITALISTS 
IN PROSPECTIVE." 
June 3rd. 
Dear Sib,— Your most interesting and instructive 
notict'B and articles on "Ibea" have been read by 
me with great interest, and lam sure many more 
besides myself have done the same. 
Clearly Ceylon is no plaoo now-a-days for the 
planting young man with no capital at present 
realizable, and he must vacate it, I suppose, to 
those who can put their hands on the " available," 
no matter what his qualifications may be. 
In pointing out where the former class of in- 
dividual miuht advantageously go, and where he 
would not be ashamed to work with his hands, 
you deserve the thanks of many. 
Tbere are many I know in Ceylon, who at the 
present moment cannot command capital. These 
have now heen out here for say 3 to 4 and 5 
years, learning their " trade," and they look for- 
ward to the time when they will be ablo to invest 
Some may even be in good positions, others 
working hard as S. D's, sticking into their hard 
work, but with the pleasurable thought and hope of 
being their own masters some day, By the time 
this day draws near, they are earnest planters, with 
a thorough practical knowledge say. 
They have gained the experience at either 
another'B C03t or profit. When they are 
managing th-ir own p'aoes, they can utilize 
this ixperionce gained, and they think, of 
course, to iheir own advantage. But as days go 
on, a thoughtful man cannot but see the useless- 
ness of investing in tea, which every one grants 
is being overdone (vide the average last week 7|d). 
At present estate owners try to get rid of their 
small estates or join them with others into a 
Company. 
Would it be wise of the small capitalist to go 
in for one of these oast-ofi small properties ? He 
turns in disgust from tea to cacao, to find what 
good land there is for this produot is all snapped 
up despite the assurances of those who have 
always land " suitable for caoao " for sale. To 
buy a "ready made" caoao estate is almost im- 
possible unless for a sum muoh beyond the small 
capitalist. What other ohance for this poor in- 
dividual but to turn to pastures new. If he has 
not come into his capital, hi? course, he deems is 
to leave Ceylon and start afresh in a new country 
in the same way as he began in Ceylon. 
But where, may I ask, is the employment to be 
found of a like nature to S.D. in " Ibea "? Must 
one work and wait here for capital to be realized, 
and when it is so, then start life afresh elsewhere 
with no experience ? 
What the " Small Capitalists in Prospective," 
if I may so style them wish to know ia if suoh em- 
ployment as a paid assistant or manager is to be 
found in " Ibea." Surely one's experience dearly 
gained in Ceylon is not to be thrown away, but 
oan find remuneration in "Ibea '•? 
I am sure it would be a great satisfaction 
to the olass of young planters of whom I 
write, were you, Mr. Editor to inform us if this 
is within your knowledge. 
For the young planter I know you have every 
sympathy if one were only to judge it by the 
excellent publications for his help whioh you 
turn out, and the many articles you have written 
for his guidance. 
If you can enlighten us on the subject, I am sure 
many more will be grateful to you besides 
"SMALL CAPITALIST IN PROSPECTIVE," 
ENEMIES OF TEA. 
Bogawantalawa, 11th June. 
Dear Sir, — Can you find out whit these Tea 
leaves are affeoted with ? they were found by a 
neighbour of mine and I should be glad to know 
whether they are eggs of the Helopeltis. Any 
nformation will muoh oblige.— Yours truly, 
F. M. L. 
[We roferred the leaves to Mr. E. E. Green who 
kindly replies : — 
Punduloja, 14th Jane. 
The leaves received have undoubtedly been punotured 
either by Helopeltis cr some allied bug of similar 
habitp. I could Dot determine the species without 
seeing the insect or finding its eggs. These latter 
are usmlly embedded in the etalk of the young 
flush. To find them I should require for examination 
a number of shoots from the affeoted trees packed 
so as to a-rive in a fresh condition. After the shoots 
have once become dry it is difficult or impossible to 
locate the epgj. 
Coffee &c. in Java. — The annual meeting of 
shareholders of the " Coffee and Cinohoua-growing 
Oompauy, Paligaran," of Java, was held in Ams- 
terdam the other day. The directors' report, whioh 
was adopted, announced a loss on the trading during 
the year 1893 of 28,143 florins, the ohief oause of 
this being the continued decline in the prioe of 
cinchona bark. The company, on December 31 
laBt, owned 2,157,828 cinchona, and 310,820 ooffee 
trees. — Chemist and Druggist. 
